25 LSL 28 REPORT on the SANITARY CONDITION OE SAINT MARY, ISLINGTON, FOR FEBRUARY, 1859. No. XXIII. One hundred and ninety-two individuals were registered as having died in Islington during the four weeks of February. This number almost exactly represents the mean mortality of the corresponding weeks of 1857 and 1858, and is satisfactory, inasmuch as when our increasing population is considered, the death-rate for the month must be regarded as having been lower than during those years. The deaths from diseases of the respiratory organs fell from 51 in January, to 29, which is much below the mean of the last two years. The mortality from scarlatina and hooping-cough has undergone but little variation. There have been five deaths registered from diphtheria. Among the deaths returned by the district registrars, was that of a fine boy, aged 13 years, a pupil at a public school, who, after preparing his lessons for the next day, went to bed apparently well, but was found dead in the morning. He had died of (submeningeal) apoplexy. When will parents and schoolmasters take warning? The amount of mental work demanded of youths in our great schools often exceeds what would tax severely the powers of the adult brain. A " broker's-man," aged about 70, died of " starvation," on February 2nd, at No, 2, Adelaide-square. The house, consisting of four small rooms, was found to contain 28 persons. In one of the rooms, having a capacity of 1426 cubic feet, there were 13 persons residing. I have certified, under the Nuisances Removal Act, for proceedings against the owner of the house for " overcrowding." 2 Judging from the returns that I receive from various institutions, the amount of general sickness in the parish, during February, appears to have been somewhat less than in the previous month. While there has been a slight increase in the cases of measles, those of scarlatina appear to have become less frequent, only 18 cases being recorded, and half of these having entered the Fever Hospital from various quarters of town. There has also been a reduced number of cases of pulmonary disease. Measles and hooping-cough are still prevailing to a greater extent than in February of the two preceding years. It will be seen by the table that there have been 9 cases of small-pox attended by the parochial medical officers, and at the Holloway Dispensary. There ought not to be a single case to record, and there would be none if every person were efficiently vaccinated. EDWARD BALLARD, M.D., Medical Officer of Health. 42, Myddelton Square, March 3rd, 1859. TABLE I. DEATHS REGISTERED IN ISLINGTON DURING FOUR WEEKS ENDING FEBRUARY 26th, 1859. (Deaths of Non-Residents in Hospitals excluded.) West S.D. East S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 | years of age. At 60 and under 80 years of age. At 80 years of age and upwards. West S.D. East. S.D. Causes of Death, At all Ages. Under 20 years of age. At 20 and under 40 years of ace. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 60 and under 80 years of age. At 80 years of age and upwards. 98 94 192 118 21 19 30 4 .. 2 VI Laryngitis 2 2 .. .. .. .. Class 9 14 Bronchitis 23 10 .. 4 8 1 35 19 I. Zymotic 54 52 2 .. .. .. .. .. Pleurisy .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 2 II. Dropsy,&c. 7 2 1 3 .. 1 4 .. Pneumonia 4 2 1 .. 1 .. 17 21 III. Tubercular 38 18 12 7 1 .. .. .. Asthma .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 12 IV. Brain and Nerves 23 14 1 2 6 .. .. .. Disease of Lungs .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 V. Heart, &c 4 .. 1 .. 3 .. 13 16 VI. Lungs, &c. 29 14 1 4 9 1 2 6 VII. Digestive Organs. 8 2 1 2 3 .. .. .. VII. Teething .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 VIII. Kidney, &c. 3 2 .. .. 1 .. .. .. Quinsey .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. IX, Childbirth, &c 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. 1 Gastritis 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 2 1 X. Joints, Bones, &c. 3 .. 1 .. 2 .. .. 1 Enteritis 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. XI. Skin, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Peritonitis 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. XII Malformation .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ascites .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 4 XIII, Prem. Birth and Debility. 6 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ulceration of Intest. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Hernia (Rupture) 1 .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 XIV. Atrophy 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ileus .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 XV. Old Age 5 .. .. .. 3 2 .. .. Intussusception .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XVI. Sudden .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Intestinal .. 4 XVII. Violent Death 4 9 .. 1 1 .. .. .. Canal .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 XVIII. Not Specified 2 l .. .. 1 .. .. .. Dis. of Stomach, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . ., Disease of Pancreas .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1. Small Pox 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Inflammation of Liver .. .. Chicken Pox .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 (Hepatitis) 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 Measles 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Jaundice 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 8 2 Scarlatina 10 10 .. .. .. .. 2 .. Disease of Liver 2 .. 1 1 .. .. 13 9 Hooping Cough 22 22 .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Spleen .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 Croup 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. Thrush .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Diarrhœa 2 2 . .. .. .. .. .. VIII.nephritis .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Dysentery 1 1 .. .. .. .. 2 1 Nephria (Bright's Ds) 3 2 .. .. 1 .... .. .. Cholera .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ischuria .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. Influenza .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Diabetes .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. .. Scurvy and Purpura .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stone .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ague .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cystitis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Remittent fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Urethra .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Infantile Fever 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Bladder &c .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 Typhus Fever 3 2 1 .. .. .. 1 .. Puerperal Fever 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Rheutmatic .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. IX Paramenia .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Erysipelas 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. Ovarian Dropsy 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Ssymblis yphilis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Childbirth .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Noma (Canker) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Dis. of Uterus, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Epid. Sore Throat 5 5 .. .. .. .. .. 1 II. Hæmorrhage 1 .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. X. Rheumatism 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 2 .. Dropsy 2 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. Arthritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Abscess .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Dis. of Joints, &c. 2 .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. Ulcer 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. Fistula .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Mortification .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XI. Carbuncle .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 Cancer 3 .. .. 3 .. .. .. .. Phlegmon .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Gout .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Skin, &c. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 1 III. Scorfula 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 3 Tabes Mesenterica 4 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. XII. Cyanosis .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 15 Phthisis(Consumpn) 27 7 12 7 1 .. .. .. Spina .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 2 Hydrocephalus 6 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. Other Malformations .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 3 IV. Cephalitis 5 4 .. 1 .. .. 1 3 Apoplexy 4 1 .. 1 2 .. .. .. XIII. Intemperance .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 3 Palsy(Paralysis) 4 .. .. .. 4 .. .. 1 Privation of Food 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Delirium Tremeans .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 . Want of Breast Milk .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Chorea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Neglect .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Epilepsy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cold .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Tetanus .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Poison .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Insanity .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Burns and Scalds .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 2 Convulsions 8 8 .. .. .. .. .. .. Hanging .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Disease of Brain, &c. 2 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 Suffocation 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 Drowning 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. V. Pericarditis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Fractures & Contus. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Aneurism .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Wounds .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 Disease of Heart, &c. 4 .. 1 .. 3 .. .. 1 Other Violence 1 1 . .. .. .. TABLE II. NEW CASES OF DISEASE COMING UNDER TREATMENT DURING THE FOUR WEEKS ENDING SATURDAY, THE 26th DAY OF FEBRUARY, 1859, AT THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS IN ISLINGTON. Workhouse. Infant Poor House. Out-patient Paupers. Holloway Dispensary. Pentonville Prison. London Fever Hospital. Total. Small pox .. .. 8 1 .. .. 9 Chicken .. .. 3 .. .. .. 3 Measles .. .. 31 1 .. .. 32 Scarlatina .. 8 1 .. 9 18 Hooping .. .. 35 8 .. .. 43 Croup .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Diarrœa 1 .. 23 11 4 .. 39 Dysentery .. .. 3 .. .. .. 4 Cholera .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ague .. .. 1 1 .. .. 2 Continued Fever and Infantile Fever .. .. 8 7 .. 7* 22 Puerperal Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Rheumatic Fever .. .. 5 3 .. .. 8 Erysipelas .. .. 10 1 .. .. 11 Diphtheria .. .. 1 1 Sorethroat or Tonsillitis .. .. 16 19 .. .. 35 Pyæmia . .. .. .. .. 1 1 Bronchitis and Catarrh 17 .. 215 64 42 .. 338 Pneumonia .. .. 3 2 .. 2 7 Pleurisy 1 .. 3 1 .. .. 5 Delirium Tremeans .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Insanity 1 .. 6 1 1 .. 9 Carbuncle .. .. 2 1 .. .. 3 All other diseases 38 10 537 278 46 8 917 Total 58 10 918 402 93 27 1508 All "Typhoid." 26 REPORT on the SANITARY CONDITION OF SAINT MARY, ISLINGTON, FOR MARCH, 1859. No. XXIV. The weekly mortality, as well as that from zymotic diseases, has varied little during the past month. The general mortality is certainly low, 233 deaths were registered. For March, 1857, the number was 234, and last year 289. The deaths from zymotic diseases continue to form a larger proportion than usual on account of the continued prevalence of measles, scarlet fever, hooping cough, and epidemic sore throat. Of the last mentioned disease including diphtheria, as many as 11 deaths were registered. There has been some increase in the mortality of diseases of the lungs, but the number continues lower than in March of the two previous years. It will be observed that a fatal case of infantile cholera is recorded: it was a child of Irish parents, residing at 12, Brand-street. I found the house greatly overcrowded, the cubic space to each individual in the room occupied by the family, amounting to only 143 feet per head. The water butt was rotten, and the water so filthy as to be quite unfit for domestic use. The owner was summoned to the Police Court under my certificate. The increase of sickness both generally and among the parochial poor, has chiefly been observed in the miscellaneous department. Small pox is 2 slowly making progress, and cases of measles, scarlet fever, and hooping cough are all more frequent than in March of former years. Of the two cases of cholera, one has been mentioned above; the other occurred in an adult residing at 7, Baldwin'3-gardens. This person recovered. EDWARD BALLARD, M.D., Medical Officer of Health,. 42, Myddelton Square, April 7 th, 1859. TABLE I. DEATHS REGISTERED IN ISLINGTON DURING FIVE WEEKS ENDING APRIL 2nd, 1859. (Deaths of Non-Residents in Hospitals excluded.) West S.D. East S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 6o and under 80 years of age. At 80 years of age and upwards. West S.D. East. S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of age At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 60 and under 80 years of age. At 80 years of age and upwards. 123 110 All causes 233 126 31 28 40 8 1 .. VI. Laryngitis 1 1 .. .. class 15 16 Bronchitis 31 12 1 4 14 32 29 I. Zymotic 61 52 6 .. 2 1 .. 1 Pleurisy 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 7 3 II. Dropsy,&c. 10 2 l 1 5 1 3 7 Pneumonia 10 4 .. 4 2 .. 16 17 III. Tubercular 33 14 15 4 .. .. 2 1 Asthma 3 .. .. .. 2 1 22 6 IV. Brain and Nerves 28 13 1 8 5 1 1 .. Disease of Lungs 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 4 7 V. Heart, &c. 11 1 3 3 3 1 22 25 VI. Lungs, &c. 47 17 3 8 18 1 6 4 VII. Digestive Organs. 10 4 1 2 3 .. 1 .. VII Teething 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. VIII. Kidney, &c 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. Quinsey .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. IX, Childbirth, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Gastritis .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. X. Joints, Bones, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Enteritis 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 XI. Skin, &c. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 1 .. Peritonitis 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 XII. Malformations 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Ascitis 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 1 3 XIII. Prern. Birth and Debility. 4 4 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Ulceration of Intest. 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 3 4 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. Hernia(Rupture) .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 8 XIV. Atrophy 11 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Ileus 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 5 1 XV. Old Age 6 .. .. .. 3 3 1 .. Intussusception 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. XVI. Sudden .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Intestinal 3 1 XVII. Violent Death 4 2 1 1 .. .. .. .. Canal .. .. .. .. .. . .. 1 XVIII. Not Specified 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 1 Dis. of Stomach, &c. 2 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. Disease of Pancreas . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. I. Small Pox .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Inflammation of Liver .. .. Chicken Pox .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Hepatitis .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 1 Measles 11 11 .. .. .. .. .. .. Jaundice .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 1 Scarlatoina 6 5 1 .. .. .. 1 .. Disease of Leaver 1 .. .. .. .. .. 6 12 Hooping Cough 18 18 .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Spleen .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. Croup 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Thrush 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Dirrhœa 1 1 . .. .. .. .. .. VIII. Nephritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Dysentery 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. Nephria(Bright'sDis) 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Cholera 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ischuria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Influenza .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Diabetes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Scurvy and Purpura .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stone .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Ague 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. Cystitis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Remittent Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Urethra .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Infantile Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Bladder &c .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 3 Typhus fever 4 3 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 Puerperal Fever 3 .. 2 .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Rheumatic Fever 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. IX. Paramenia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Erysipelas .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ovarian Dropsy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Syphilis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Childbirth .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Noma (Canker) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Dis.of Uterus,&c .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 4 Epid. Sore Throat .. 9 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. II. Hæmorrhage 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. X. Rheumatism .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Drops 2 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. Arthritis .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Abscess 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Dis. of Joints &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ulcer .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Fistula .. .. .. .. ...... .. l 1 Mortification 2 .. .. .. 1 1 .. 1 XI. Carbuncle 1 .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. Cancer 3 .. 1 .. 2 .. .. .. Phlegmon .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Gout 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Disease of Skin, &c .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 III. Scorfula 2 1 1 .. .. .. 1 1 Tabes Mesenterica 2 2 .. .. .. .. XII. Cyanosis .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 12 Phthisis(Consumpn.) 25 7 14 4 .. .. .. .. Spina Bifida 1 1 .. .. .. .. 2 2 Hydrocephalus 4 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. Other Malformations .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 IV. Cephalitis 4 2 .. 1 1 .. 2 3 Apoplexy 5 1 .. 3 1 .. .. .. XIII. Intemperance .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 1 Palsy (Paralysis) 5 .. .. 4 1 .. .. Privation of Food .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Delirium .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Want of Breast Milk 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Chorea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Neglect .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Epilepsy 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Cold .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Tetanus .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Poison .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Insanity 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Burés and scalds .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 1 Convulsions 9 9 .. .. .. .. .. .. Hanging .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. Disease of Brain, &c 3 1 .. .. 1 1 1 1 Suffocation 2 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 1 V. Pericarditis 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. Drowning Fractures & Contus. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Aneirism .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Wounds 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 4 6 Disease of Heart, &c. 10 1 3 2 3 1 .. .. Other Violence .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 TABLE II. NEW CASES or DISEASE COMING UNDER TREATMENT DURING THE FIVE WEEKS ENDING SATURDAY, THE 2nd DAY OF APRIL, 1859, AT THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS IN ISLINGTON. Workhouse. Infant Poor House. Out-patient Paupers. Holloway Dispensary. Pentonville Prison. London Fever Hospital. Total. Small pox 2 .. 8 1 .. 2 13 Chicken .. .. 6 2 .. .. 8 Measles .. .. 39 2 .. .. 41 Scarlatina .. .. 9 .. .. 16 25 Hooping Cough .. .. 26 8 .. .. 34 Croup .. .. 2 .. .. .. 2 Diarrhœa 2 .. 18 14 4 .. 38 Dysentery .. .. 2 1 .. .. 3 Cholera .. .. 2 .. .. .. 2 Ague .. .. 3 2 .. 2 7 Continued Fever and Infantile Fever .. .. 9 13 .. 26* 48 Puerperal Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Rheumatic 3 .. 5 4 .. .. 12 Erysipelas .. .. 6 2 .. .. 8 Diphtheria .. .. 1 3 .. .. 4 Sorethroat or Tonsillitis .. .. 15 21 1 .. 37 Pyæmia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Bronchitis and Catarrh 14 .. 222 63 30 1 336 Pneumonia .. .. 5 2 .. 1 8 Pleurisy .. .. 3 .. .. 1 4 Delirium Tremens 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 2 Insanity 3 .. 5 .. .. .. 8 Carbuncle .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 All other diseases 40 18 638 368 56 14 1134 Total 65 18 1026 506 97 63 1775 * 12 " Typhus " and 14 "Typhoid," but only 1 of he latter from this parish. 27 REPORT on the SANITARY CONDITION OF SAINT MARY, ISLINGTON, FOR APRIL, 1859. No. XXV. The table of registered deaths for the month of April exhibits a continuance of that low mortality which has been observed during the two previous months. The number of deaths registered amounted to 182. The mean of the three previous years, not making any correction for the larger number of persons now resident in the parish, is 190 deaths. The weekly mortality has been much the same as it was in March. The only zymotic disease whose mortality is materially above the average is scarlet fever, the deaths from which have again risen to twice the number that were registered in March. Measles and hooping cough have occasioned comparatively few deaths. It is also gratifying to be able to record that, for the first time for fifteen months, there has not been a single death from diphtheria returned. The case of epidemic sore throat mentioned in the table was not diphtheritic; the throat affection was associated with erysipelas. The table of sickness also shows some little decrease upon the numbers of the previous month; and, as regards the ordinary zymotic diseases, confirms the inference drawn from the table of mortality; as to the decline of measles and hooping cough and the increase of scarlet fever amongst us. The type of continued fever appears also to have changed, as the majority of cases admitted into the Fever Hospital, during the month, were of true typhus. The connection of this fever with over-crowding of poor habitations is 2 sufficiently well established to warrant me in urging at this time especial vigilance with regard to this source of disease. During the month of April, no less than 111 cases of small-pox were admitted into the Small-Pox Hospital; making a total of 313 since the commencement of the year. The number of cases that have appeared in Islington is comparatively smal1; but, since this disease is prevailing to a much greater extent in neighbouring parishes, it behoves the authorities here to continue their efforts to induce such as are unprotected by Vaccination no longer to delay availing themselves of this invaluable safeguard. It is the more important now, because the Small-Pox Hospital is nearly full, and the milder but not less infectious cases will have to be treated at home. EDWARD BALLARD, M.D., Medical Officer of Health. 42, Myddelton Square, May 5th, 1859. TABLE I. DEATHS REGISTERED IN ISLINGTON DURING FOUR WEEKS ENDING APRIL 30th, 1859. (Deaths of Non - Residents in Hospitals excluded.) West S.D. East S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 60 and under 80 years of age. At 80 years ot age and upwards. West S.D. East. S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 60 and under 80 years of age. At 60 years of age and upwards. 96 86 All Causes 182 97 23 21 37 4 1 2 VI. Laryngitis 3 3 .. .. .. .. class. 11 6 Bronchitis 17 7 2 1 7 .. 21 21 I. Zymotic 42 32 4 2 4 .. .. .. Pleurisy .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 3 II. Dropsy 7 1 .. 4 2 .. 5 7 Pneumonia 12 9 1 1 1 .. 21 19 III. Tubercular 40 17 14 7 2 .. .. 1 Asthma 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 9 10 IV. Brain and Nerves 19 10 1 2 6 .. .. .. Disease of Lungs .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 3 V. Heart, & c 8 .. .. 2 6 .. 17 16 VI. Lungs &c. 33 19 3 2 9 5 2 VII. Digestive Organs. 7 3 1 1 2 .. 2 .. VII. Teething 2 2 .. .. .. .. 1 .. VIII. Kidney, & c 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Quinsey .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. IX. Childbirth, &c .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Gastritis .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 X. Joints, Hones, &c. 3 1 .. .. 2 .. .. .. Enteritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XI. Skin, &c .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Peritonitis .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. XII. Malformations 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ascites .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 XIII. Prem. Birth and Debility. 4 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ulceration .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Hernia(Rupture) 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 3 2 XIV. Atrophy 5 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ileus .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 2 XV. Old Age 6 .. .. .. 2 4 .. .. Intussusception .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XVI. Sudden .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Intestinal Canal 1 4 XVII. Violent Death 5 3 .. 1 1 .. .. .. Dis. of stomach,&c 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. XVIII. Not Specified .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Disease of Pancreas .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 I. Small Pox 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. Inflammation of Liver Hepatitis 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. Chicken Pox .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Jaundice 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 2 1 Measles 3 2 1 .. .. 1 .. Disease of liver 1 1 .. .. .. .. 6 6 Scarlatina 12 11 1 .. .. .. .. Disease of Spleen 1 1 .. .. .. .. 4 .. Hooping Cough 4 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 4 Croup 5 5 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Thrush 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Diarrhœa .. .. .. .. .. VIII. Nephritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Dysentery .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Nephria (Bright'Dis) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cholera .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ischuria .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Influenza 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Diabetes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Scurvy and Purpura .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stone .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ague .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cystitis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Remittent Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Stricture of Urethra 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Infantile Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Bladder &c .. . .. .. .. .. 5 3 Typhus Fever 8 4 .. 1 3 .. 1 1 Puerperal Fever 2 1 1 .. .. .. 1 .. Rheumatic Fever 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. IX. Paramenia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Erysipelas 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ovarian Dropsy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Syphilis 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Childbirth .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Noma (Canker) 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Dis. of Uterus, &c .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Epid. Sore Throat 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. II. Hæmorrhage .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 X. Rheumatism 2 1 .. .. l .. 1 2 Dropsy 3 .. .. 2 1 .. .. .. Arthritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Abscess .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Dis. of Joints, &c. 1 .. .. .. l .. .. .. Ulcer .. .. .. .. .. Fistula . . .. .. 1 .. Mortification 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. XI. Carbuncle .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 Cancer 3 .. .. 2 1 .. .. .. Phlegmon .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Gout .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Skin, &c .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. III. Scrofula .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 Tabes Mesenterica 4 4 .. .. .. .. 1 .. XII. Cyanosis 1 1 .. .. .. .. 14 15 Phthisis(Consumpn.) 29 6 14 7 2 .. .. .. Spina Bifida .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 3 Hydrocephalus 7 7 .. .. .. .. .. .. Other Malformations .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 IV. Cephalitis 3 3 .. .. .. .. 1 3 Apoplexy 4 .. .. 1 3 .. .. .. XIII. Intemperance .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. Palsy (Paralysis) 3 .. .. .. 3 .. .. .. Privation of Food .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Delirium Tremens .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Want of Breast Milk .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Chorea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Neglect .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Epilepsy 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Cold .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Tetanus .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Poison .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Insanity .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Burns and Scalds .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Convulsions 5 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. Hanging .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 Disease of Brain, &c 3 2 .. 1 .. .. 1 .. Suffocation 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. V. Pericarditis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Fractures & Contus. 2 .. .. 1 l .. .. .. Aneurism .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Wounds .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 3 Disease of Heart, &c. 8 .. .. 2 6 .. .. 2 Other Violence 2 2 .. .. .. .. 4 * 12 of these were " Typhus," of which 2 were from Islington; and 2 were "Typhoid," both from this parish. TABLE II. NEW CASES OF DISEASE COMING UNDER TREATMENT DURING THE FOUR WEEKS ENDING SATURDAY, THE 30th DAY OF APRIL, 1859, AT THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS IN ISLINGTON. Workhouse. Infant Poor House. Out-patient Paupers. Holloway Dispensary. Pentonville Prison. London Fever Total. Small Pox 2 •• 1 1 •• 2 6 Chicken Pox •• •• 8 1 •• •• 9 Measles •• •• 11 3 •• • • 14 Scarlatina •• •• 16 14 •• 7 37 Hooping Cough •• •• 12 6 •• •• 18 Croup •• •• •• •• •• •• •• Diarrhoea 2 •• 20 14 •• •• 54 Dysentery •• •• •• •• •• •• •• Cholera •• •• •• •• •• •• •• Ague 1 •• 2 •• •• 1 4 Continued Fever and Infantile Fever 1 •• 10 16 •• 14* 41 Puerperal Fever •• •• •• •• •• •• •• Rheumatic 1 •• 3 •• •• •• 4 Erysipelas • • •• 6 2 •• •• 8 Diphtheria .. •• 1 •• •• •• 1 Sorethroat or Tonsillitis •• •• 12 8 1 •• 21 Pyæmia •• •• •• •• •• •• •• Bronchitis and Catarrh 10 •• 171 73 24 1 279 Pneumonia •• •• 3 1 •• 4 8 Pleurisy •• •• 2 •• •• 1 3 Delirium Tremens •• •• 2 •• •• •• 2 Insanity 1 •• 1 .. •• •• 2 Carbuncle •• •• 1 •• •• •• 1 All other diseases 30 8 512 265 52 9 876 Total 48 8 794 404 95 39 1388 28 REPORT on the SANITARY CONDITION OF SAINT MARY, ISLINGTON, FOR MAY, 1859. No. XXVI. Judging from the registered mortality during the last four weeks, the month of May has been more healthy than any previous May during my period of office. The number of deaths returned was 162, being 20 less than last month. In 1856, the registered mortality was 175; in 1857, 173; and last year, 163. The improvement can, however, only be fully estimated by recollecting to what extent the population of Islington has increased during the last three years. The deaths from zymotic diseaes have been below the average also; the only important malady which has been fatal above the mean of the three previous years is scarlet fever. Although small-pox still prevails in the metropolis, there have only been two deaths from this disease in Islington (exclusive of the Small-Pox Hospital). With the means of prevention that Vaccination affords, even these deaths ought not to have occurred. The table of sickness in the various public establishments for the treatment of the poor, &c., from which I obtain returns, calls for little special remark. The only acute diseases which have been more frequently met with than in April are measles and chicken-pox. EDWARD BALLARD, M.D., Medical Officer of Health. 42, Myddelton Square, June 3rd, 1859. TABLE I. DEATHS REGISTERED IN ISLINGTON DURING FOUR WEEKS ENDING MAY 28th, 1859. (Deaths of Non - Residents in Hospitals excluded.) West S.D. East S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 60 and under 80 years of age. At 80 years of age and upwards. West S.D. East. S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 60 and under 80 years of age. At 80 years of age and upwards. 73 80 All Causes 161 80 21 24 32 5 .. 2 VI. Laryngitis 2 1 .. 1 .. .. class. 5 7 Bronchitis 12 6 .. .. 6 .. 20 12 I. Zymotic 32 29 .. 1 2 .. 1 .. Pleurisy 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 1 4 II. Dropsy 5 2 2 .. 1 .. 4 7 Pneumonia 11 8 1 1 .. 1 14 17 III. Tubercular 31 10 16 6 .. .. 2 1 Asthma 3 .. .. .. 3 .. 7 13 IV. Brain and Nerves 20 8 1 6 5 .. .. Disease of Lungs .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 6 V. Heart, & c 8 1 .. 2 5 .. 12 17 VI. Lungs &c. 29 15 1 2 10 1 5 4 VII. Digestive Organs 9 2 1 4 2 .. 1 .. VII. Teething 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 2 VIII. Kidney, & c 2 .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. Quinsey .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. IX, Childbirth, &c 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. Gastritis 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 X, Joints, Bones, &c 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Enteritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XI. Skin, &c .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Peritonitis 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 XII. Malformations 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ascites .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 XIII, Prem. Birth and Debility. 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ulceration of Intest. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Hernia (Rupture) .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 4 XIV. Atrophy 6 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ileus .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 4 XV. Old Age 9 .. .. .. 5 4 .. .. Intussusception .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XVI. Sudden .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Intestinal Canal .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. XVII. Violent Death 4 2 .. 2 .. .. .. .. 1 1 XVIII. Not Specified 2 2 .. .. .. .. 2 .. Dis. of Stomach, &c. 2 .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. Disease of Pancreas .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 I. Small Pox 2 2 .. .. .. .. Inflammation of Liver (Hepatitis) 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Chicken Pox .. .. .. .. .. .. .. l 1 .. Measles 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Jaundice .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 4 Scarlatina 10 10 .. .. .. .. 1 2 Disease of Liver 3 .. .. 2 1 .. 4 4 Hooping Cough 8 8 .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Spleen .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Croup .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Thrush .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Diarrhœa 2 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. VIII. Nephritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Dysentery .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Nephria(Bright'sDis) 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. Cholera .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ischuria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Influenza .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Diabetes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Scurvy and Purpura .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stone .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ague .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cystitis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Remittent Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Urethra .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. Infantile Fever 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Disease of Bladder &c 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 4 2 Typhus Fever 6 4 .. 1 1 .. .. .. Puerperal Fever .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Rheumatic Fever .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. IX. Paramenia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Erysipelas .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ovarian Dropsy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Syphilis .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Childbirth 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Noma (Canker) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Dis. of Uterus, &c .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Epid. Sore Throat 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 1 II. Hæmorrhage 2 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 X. Rheumatism 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Dropsy 2 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. Arthritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Abscess .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Dis. of Joints, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ulcer .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Fistula .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Mortification .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XI. Carbuncle .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Cancer 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Phlegmon .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Gout .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Skin, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. III. Scrofula .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. Tabes Mesenterica 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. 1 XII. Cyanosis 1 1 .. .. .. .. 10 13 Phthisis(Consumpn.) 23 2 15 6 .. .. .. .. Spina Bifida .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 4 Hydrocephalus 6 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. Other Malformations .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 IV. Cephalitis 5 3 .. 1 1 .. XIII. Intemperance .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 6 Apoplexy 7 1 2 3 Privation of Food .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 Palsy (Paralysis) 4 .. .. 3 1 .. .. .. Want of Breast Milk 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Delirium Tremens .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Neglect .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Chorea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cold .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Epilepsy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Poison .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Tetanus .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Burns and Scalds .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Insanity .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Hanging .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 Convulsions 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. Suffocation .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Brain, &c 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Drowning 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. Disease of Brain, &c .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Fractures & Contus. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. V. Pericarditis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Wounds 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 2 6 Disease of Heart, &c. 8 1 .. 2 5 .. 1 .. Other Violence 1 1 .. .. .. .. 4 TABLE II. NEW CASES OF DISEASE COMING UNDER TREATMENT DURING THE FOUR WEEKS ENDING SATURDAY, THE 28th DAY OF MAY, 1859, AT THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS IN ISLINGTON. Workhouse. Infant Poor House. Out-patient Paupers. Holloway Dispensary. Pentonville Prison. London Fever Hospital. Total. Small Pox •• •• 2 3 •• 3 8 Chicken Pox •• •• 17 3 •• •• 20 Measles •• •• 15 27 •• 2 44 Scarlatina •• •• 11 3 •• 8 22 Hooping Cough •• •• 13 8 •• •• 21 Croup • • •• •• 1 •• •• 1 Diarrhœa •• •• 26 12 9 •• 47 Dysentery • • •• 5 •• •• •• 5 Cholera •• •• •• • • •• •• •• Ague •• •• 1 2 •• 4 7 Continued Fever and Infantile Fever 2* •• 9 6 •• 16† 33 Puerperal Fever •• •• •• •• •• •• •• Rheumatic Fever 2 •• 5 2 •• •• 9 Erysipelas •• •• 7 2 •• •• 9 Diphtheria • • •• 1 1 •• •• 2 Sorethroat or TonsiHitis .. •• 14 12 •• •• 25 Pyæmia •• •• .. .. •• •• .. Bronchitis and Catarrh 11 •• 129 37 •• 2 200 Pneumonia .. •• 5 1 •• 4 10 Pleurisy •• •• 5 •• •• •• 5 Delirium Tremens •• •• 1 •• •• •• 1 Insanity 2 •• 2 •• •• •• 4 Carbuncle •• •• •• •• 1 •• 1 All other diseases 45 4 542 345 41 15 992 Total 62 4 810 465 72 54 1467 * Tramps. † "Typhus," 5 "Typhoid,." 29 REPORT on the SANITARY CONDITION OP SAINT MARY, ISLINGTON, FOR JUNE, 1859. No. XXVII. It is gratifying to be able to record a continuance of the comparatively low mortality observed during the previous months of this year. There were only 196 deaths registered during the 5 weeks which terminated on July 2nd, the mean mortality of June in the three previous years being 207. It is to bo recollected too, that the smaller number of deaths has occurred in a largely increased population. I must remark, however, by way of qualification, that in every year before this the death-rate of June was unfairly swollen by the results of inquests held during the quarter. The deaths from zymotic diseases were 44, having in the three previous years been 47, 41, and 64. Scarlet fever alone, of the maladies of this class has been fatal beyond the average. There have been 4 deaths from diphtheria registered, viz.: 2 in each sub-district. At the present season of the year bowel complaints are expected to prevail, and to carry off a certain number of infants. This year the fatal cases have been 6, against 4, 9, and 14 in June of the previous three years. The table of sickness among the poor, etc., exhibits equally favorable results. The following table shows the weekly progress of bowel complaints and its relation to the atmospheric temperature. It will be noticed on comparing this 2 year with 1857, that while the monthly mean temperature has been nearly the same, the number of parish cases and the deaths from diarrhoea have been absolutely less:— JUNE. Mean Temperature. (Greenwich.) Parish Cases of Diarrhoea. Deaths from Diarrhœa and Cholera. 1856 1857 1858 1859 1856 1857 1858 1859 1856 1857 1858 1859 1st Week 53.3° 60.6° 66.2° 62.3° 4 8 9 14 0 2 1 1 2nd ,, 56.7° 56.0° 63.8° 61.7° 4 8 20 11 0 1 3 0 3rd „ 59. 1° 60.3° 67.7° 59.7° 12 12 12 8 3 1 2 0 4th „ 55.6° 67.3° 64.5° 60.0° 11 25 28 12 0 2 5 1 5th „ 63.4° 62.4° 58. 6° 63.5° 8 30 38 32 1 3 4 4 57.6° 61.3° 64.1° 61.4° 39 83 107 77 4 9 15 6 At this season of the year all classes should be reminded of the importance of carefully cleansing the cisterns and water butts belonging to their houses at short intervals, and also of the danger which attaches to the use for drinking purposes of the water of shallow wells, which in all cases derive their supply from a soil contaminated with decomposing organic matters. EDWARD BALLARD, M.D., Medical Officer of Health. 42, Myddelton Square, July 7th, 1859. TABLE I. DEATHS REGISTERED IN ISLINGTON DURING FIVE WEEKS ENDING JULY 2nd, 1858. (Deaths of Non - Residents in Hospitals excluded.) West S.D. East S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of age At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 60 and under 80 years of age. At 80 years of age and upwards. West. S.D. East. S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of aage At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and Under 60 years of ape. At 60 and under 80 years of age. At 80 years of age 99 97 At all Ages. 196 98 27 36 28 7 .. .. VI. Laryngitis .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 4 Bronchitis 13 7 .. 3 2 .. Class. .. 2 Pleurisy 2 1 .. 1 .. .. 29 15 I. Zymotic 44 41| 1 1 1 .. 1 3 Pneumonia 4 3 .. 1 .. .. 2 4 II. Dropsy 6 2 .. 2 2 .. 1 .. Asthma 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 12 22 III. Tubercular 34 12 12 8 2 .. .. .. Disease of Lungs .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 14 IV. Brain and Nerves 24 5 5 8 2 .. 2 7 V. Heart, &c 9 1 1 5 2 .. .. .. VII. Teething .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 9 VI. Lungs, &c 20 11 1 5 3 .. .. .. Quinsey .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 8 VII. Digestive Organs 12 6 2 2 2 .. 1 1 Gastritis 2 .. .. .. 2 .. 5 1 VIII. Kidney, &c 6 .. .. 1 4 .. 1 .. Enteritis 1 1 .. .. .. .. 2 1 IX. Childbirth, &c 3 .. 1 2 .. .. .. 1 Peritonitis 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 1 X. Joints, Bones, &c 2 .. 1 Ascites 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. XI. Skin, &c .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ulceration Of Intesst .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. XII. Malformations 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. Hernia(Rupture) .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 2 XIII. Prern. Birth and Debility. 6 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ileus 1 1 .. .. .. .. 2 .. 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. Intussusception .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 XIV. Atrophy 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Intestinal Canal .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 5 XV. Old Age 10 .. .. .. 6 4 1 .. Dis. of stomach,&c 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. XVI. Sudden .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Pancreas .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 5 XVII. Violent Death 11 5 3 2 1 .. .. .. Inflammation of Liver Hepatitis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 XVIII. Not Specified 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Inflammation of Liver (Hepatitis) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. I. Small Pox .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 Jaundice 2 1 1 .. .. .. 2 .. Measles 2 2 .. .. .. .. l 2 Disease of Liver 3 1 1 1 .. .. 6 4 Scarlatina 10 9 1 .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Spleen .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 5 Hooping Cough 12 12 .. .. .. .. .. .. Croup .. .. .. .. .. .. l .. Thrush 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. VIII. Nephritis .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 3 Diarrhœa 6 6 .. .. .. .. 3 .. Nephria (Bright's Dis) 3 .. .. 1 2 .. .. .. Dysentery .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ischuria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cholera .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Diabetes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Influenza .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Stone 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Scurvy and Purpura .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Cystitis .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Ague .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Urethra .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Remittent Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Bladder &c .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. Infantile Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 Typhus Fever 4 2 .. 1 l .. .. .. Puerperal Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. IX. Paramenia .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. Rheumatic Fever 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ovarian Dropsy 2 .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. Erysipelas .. .. .. .. .. .. l 1 Childbirth(see Metria) .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. Syphilis 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. Dis. of Uterus, &c 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. . . Noma (Canker) .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 Epid. Sore Throat 4 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. II. Hæmorrhage .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 X. Rheumatism 2 .. 1 1 .. 1 3 Dropsy 4 2 .. .. 2 .. .. .. Arthritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Abscess .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Dis. of Joints, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ulcer .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Fistula .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Mortification .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XI. Carbuncle .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Cancer 2 .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. Phlegmon .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Gout .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Skin, &c .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. III. Scrofula 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Tabes Mesenterica . 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. XII. Cyanosis 1 1 .. .. .. .. 11 20 Phthisis(Consumpn.) 31 9 12 8 2 .. .. .. Spina Bifida .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Hydrocephalus 1 1 .. .. .. .. 2 .. Other Malformations 2 2 .. .. .. .. 2 .. IV. Cephalitis 2 .. .. 1 1 .. 2 4 Apoplexy 6 .. 2 3 1 .. 1 .. XIII. Intemperance 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 2 3 Palsy (Paralysis) 5 .. .. 1 2 2 .. .. Privation of Food .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. j Delirium Tremens 1 .. 1 .. 1 Want of Breast Milk 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Chorea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Neglect .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Epilepsy 2 .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. Cold .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Tetanus .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Poison 2 .. 2 .. .. .. .. 1 Insanity 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. Burns and Scalds 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 2 Convulsions 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. Hanging .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 Disease of Brain,&c 4 2 2 .. .. .. Suffocation .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 Drowning .. .. .. 2 1 .. .. 1 V. Pericarditis 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Fractures & Contus. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Aneurism .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Wounds .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 6 Disease of Heart, &c. 8 1 1 4 2 .. .. 2 Other Violence 2 2 .... .... .... .... 4 TABLE II. NEW CASES OF DISEASE COMING UNDER TREATMENT DURING THE FIVE WEEKS ENDING SATURDAY, THE 2nd DAY OF JULY, 1859, AT THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS IN ISLINGTON. Workhouse. Infant Poor House. Out-patient Paupers. Holloway Dispensary. Pentonville Prison. London Fever Hospital. Total. Small Pox •• •• 7 1 •• 1 9 Chicken Pox •• •• 11 2 •• •• 13 Measles •• •• 10 25 •• 1 36 Scarlatina •• •• 7 21 •• 17 45 Hooping Cough •• •• 13 5 •• •• 18 Croup •• •• 1 •• •• •• 1 Diarrhœa 4 •• 73 31 4 1 113 Dysentery •• •• 1 1 •• •• 2 Cholera •• •• •• •• •• •• •• Ague •• •• 3 2 •• 2 7 Continued Fever and Infantile Fever 1 •• 13 6 •• 11* 31 Puerperal Fever •• •• •• •• •• •• •• Rheumatic Fever 2 •• 6 1 •• •• 9 Erysipelas •• •• 5 1 •• •• 6 Diphtheria •• •• 2 •• •• •• 2 Sorethroat or Tonsillitis •• •• 22 14 2 •• 38 Pyæmia •• •• •• •• •• 1 1 Bronchitis and Catarrh 10 •• 101 29 15 •• 155 Pneumonia 1 •• 5 •• •• 1 7 Pleurisy • • •• 2 •• •• 1 3 Delirium Tremens .. •• •• •• •• •• •• Insanity 1 •• 2 •• •• •• 3 Carbuncle •• •• 1 1 •• •• 2 All other diseases 42 17 683 357 48 6 1153 Total 61 17 968 497 69 42 1654 * 5 of those were "Typhus," and 6 were "Typhoid." 30 REPORT on the SANITARY CONDITION OP SAINT MARY, ISLINGTON, FOR JULY, 1859. No. XXVIII. The month of July, just terminated, has been remarkable for its excessive heat, which has produced a rapid increase in the sickness and mortality of London. The mean temperature of the month was 68.6° ; that of the second week was 71.0° (9.3 degrees higher than the average temperature of the same week in 43 years) and that of the third week was 69° (7.4 degrees above the average.) During the three previous years the mean temperature of June, July, or August, never exceeded 65.3°, and in no one week of these months was a higher mean temperature attained than 68.3°. On Tuesday, (12th,) the thermometer in the shade reached 92.5°, and on Monday (18th,) 93°. The registered mortality of Islington, for the four weeks, amounted to 269, the mean of the three last years being 189. One hundred and eighty of these deaths were of persons below adult age. In accounting for the exctss, a certain number of the deaths, especially of young persons, must be referred to the direct influence of the extreme heat upon the nervous system. It will be observed, on studying table 1, that the cause of death of 14 children is stated to be hydrocephalus, and of 27 more (only 2 of which were over 10 years of age) various other diseases of the brain and nervous system, convulsions, inflammation and congestion of the brain, &c., making a total of 41. In 1858 the number of children that died from these causes was 14, and in the previous year only 7. In one instance the death is distinctly returned " male aged 6 years, congestion of the brain and convulsions from the heat of the sun ; " the illness only lasting 12 hours ; this child died on July 14, the temperature of the two previous days having reached 92° and upwards in the shade, and 115° in the sun. Fifty-six deaths (all but 2 of infants) are referred to diarrhœa, dysentery, and cholera. Large as this number is, it is smaller than might have been 2 anticipated and than it undoubtedly would have been, had a similar amount of solar heat operated upon the state of things that existed prior to the sanitary efforts of the last few years. In 1857, when the mean temperature of July was 65.20° (three degrees lower) the mortality from diarrhcea and cholera was 54, only two less than at present. Another cause of the high mortality is found in the re-kindling of scarlet fever among us; 20 deaths from this disease have been registered. Five of these occurred among a family of six children, who were attacked at 7, Mill's Buildings, Kingsland, and who (with the exception of the baby) all slept together in a small back room. One of them brought home the disease from a house where she was employed as a nurse girl and infected the remainder. The disease was of a malignant type, proving fatal in periods of from 7 to 3 days. It has not spread beyond the house mentioned. There have been 3 deaths from diphtheria ; one was of a female aged 90 year. In July, last year, the deaths registered from diphtheria were 7. The fallowing table is in continuation of that in the last report :— Mean Temperature. (Greenwich.) Parish Cases of Diarrhœa and Cholera. Deaths from Diarrhcea and Cholera. JULY. 1656 1857 1858 1859 1856 1857 1858 1859 1856 1857 1858 1859 1st Week 59.2° 59.6° 55.9° 67.4° 19 34 22 47 3 8 7 11 2nd ,, 57.6° 68.0° 66.4° 71.0° 25 38 30 76 0 6 5 8 3rd „ 60.1° 63.3° 62.9° 69.0° 20 94 27 118 4 20 5 20 4th „ 64.2° 65.6° 59.6o 67.0° 31 88 29 108 3 20 13 17 Total 60.2° 65.3° 61.2° 68.6° 95 254 108 349 10 54 30 56 Seventeen hundred and thirteen new cases of sickness were registered by the parochial surgeons and at the institutions from which I receive returns. They embrace 26 cases of scarlet fever and 465 of various forms of bowel complaints, of which 5 were cases of summer cholera. Eighty-six cases of small-pox were admitted into the small-pox hospital during July; making a total of 625 since the commencement of the year. EDWARD BALLARD, M.D., Medical Officer of Health. 42, Myddelton Square, August 4th, 1859. TABLE I. DEATHS REGISTERED IN ISLINGTON DURING FOUR WEEKS ENDING JULY 30th, 1859. (Deaths of Non - Residents in Hospitals excluded.) West S.d. Fast s.d. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Uuder20 years 01 age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 60 and under 80 years of age. At 80 years of age and upwards. West. S.d. East. s.d. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of age At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 60 and under 80 years of age. At 80 years ot age 141 128 At all Ages. 269 180 25 31 28 6 .. .. VI. Laryngitis .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 6 Bronchitis 11 .. 3 1 7 .. Class. 1 Pleurisy 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 51 45 I. Zymotic 96 87 5 .. 3 1 .. 2 Pneumonia 2 2 .. .. .. .. 9 4 II. Dropsy, &c l3 2 .. 6 4 1 1 .. Asthma 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 19 28 III. Tubercular 47 33 9 4 1 .. .. .. Disease of Lungs .. .. .. .. .. .. 23 16 IV. Brain and Nerves.. 39 27 2 2 7 1 .. .. 8 4 V. Heart, &c 12 .. 1 8 3 .. 8 7 VI. Lungs &c. 15 2 3 2 8 .. 4 1 VII. Teething 5 5 .. .. .. .. 6 5 VII. Digestive Organs. 11 6 .. 5 .. .. .. .. Qmnsey .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. VIII Kidney, &c 2 .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. Gastritis 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. 2 IX. Childbirth, &c 2 .. 2 .. .. .. 1 .. Enteritis 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 1 X. Joints, Bones, &c 2 .. 1 1 .. .. .. 1 Peritonitis 1 .. .. 1 .. .. XI. Skin, &c .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Ascites 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. XII. Malformations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ulceration of Intest 1 .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 XIII. Prem. Birth and Debility. 5 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. Hernia (Rupture) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ileus .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 3 XIV. Atrophy 9 9 .. .. .. .. .. .. Intussusception .. .. .. .. .. .. l 2 XV. Old Age 3 .. .. .. 1 2 .. .. Stricture of Intestinal Canal .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XVI. Sudden .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Dis. of stomach,&c .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 5 XVII. Violent Death 9 6 2 1 . . .. .. .. Disease of Pancreas . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 XVIII. Not Specified 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. Inflammation of Liver (Hepatitis) .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 I. Small Pox 3 2 1 .. .. .. .. .. Jaundice .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Measles .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of liver 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 10 10 Scarlatina 20 19 1 .. .. .. .. 1 Disease of Spleen .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 4 Hooping Cough 5 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. Croup .. .. Thrush 1 1 .. .. .. .. 26 23 Diarrhœa 49 48 .. .. 1 .. .. .. VIII. Nephrtis .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Dysentery 1 1 .. .. .. .. 2 .. Nephria (Bright'Dis) 2 .. .. 1 1 .. 4 2 Cholera 6 5 .. .. 1 .. .. .. Ischuria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Influenza .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Diabetes .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Scurvy and Purpura 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Stone .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ague .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cystitis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Remittent Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Urethra .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Infantile Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Bladder &c .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 Typhus Fever 5 3 2 .. .. .. .. 1 Puerperal Fever .... 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Rheumatic Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. IX. Paramenia .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Erysipelas 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Ovarian Dropsy 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Syphilis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Childbirth (See Metria) 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Noma (Canker) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Dis. of Uterus, &c .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 Epid. Sore Throat 3 2 .. .. .. 1 .. .. I I. Hæmorrhage .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. X. Rheumatism .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Dropsy 2 .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. Arthritis .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Abscess 2 1 .. 1 .. .. 1 1 Dis. of Joints, &c. 2 .. 1 1 .. .. 1 .. Ulcer 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. Fistula .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Mortification 1 1 .. .. .. .. XI. Carbuncle .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 2 Cancer 7 .. .. 3 4 .. .. .. Phlegmon .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Gout .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Skin, &c .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 III. Scrofula 1 1 .. .. .. .. 4 3 Tabes Mesenterica . 7 7 .. .. .. .. XII. Cyanosis .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 15 Phthisis(Consumpn.; 25 11 9 4 1 .. .. .. Spina Bifida .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 10 Hydrocephalus 14 14 .. .. .. .. .. .. Other Malformations .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 4 IV. Cephalitis 10 8 .. 1 1 .. 3 2 Apoplexy 5 1 1 .. 3 .. .. .. XIII. Intemperance .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 Palsy (Paralysis) 4 .. .. 1 2 .. .. .. Privation of Food .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Delirium Tremens.. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 2 .. Want of Breast Milk 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. Chorea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Neglect .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Epilepsy 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Cold .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Tetanus .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Poison .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Insanity .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Burns and Scalds .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 6 Epilepsy 13 13 .. .. .. .. .. .. Hanging 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 2 3 Disease ot Brain, 5 4 1 .. .. .. .. 2 Suffocation 2 1 .. 1 .. .. 1 .. Drowning 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. V. Pericarditis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Fractures & Contus. 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. Aneurism .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Wounds .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 4 Disease of Heart, & c 12 .. 1 8 3 .. .. .. Other Violence .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 TABLE II. NEW CASES OF DISEASE COMING UNDER TREATMENT DURING THE FOUR WEEKS ENDING SATURDAY, THE 30th DAY OF JULY, 1859, AT THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS IN ISLINGTON. Workhouse. Infant Poor House. Out-patient Paupers. _J Holloway Dispensary. Pentonville Prison. London Fever Hospital. Total. Small Pox .. .. 6 .. .. .. 6 Chicken Pox .. .. 6 •• .. •• 6 Measles .. .. 7 15 .. 2 24 Scarlatina .. .. 13 3 .. 10 26 Hooping Cough 2 .. 3 3 .. •• 8 Croup •• .. •• •• .. •• •• Diarrhœa 7 .. 336 101 9 .. 453 Dysentery .. .. 3 4 .. .. 7 Cholera .. .. 3 2 .. .. 5 Ague .. .. 1 1 1 1 4 Continued Fever and Infantile Fever .. .. 9 1 .. 13* 23 Puerperal Fever .. .. .. • • .. .. .. Rheumatic Fever .. .. 2 2 .. 1 5 Erysipelas 1 .. 8 3 .. .. 12 Diphtheria .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Sorethroat or Tonsillitis .. .. 11 17 .. • • 28 Pyæmia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Bronchitis and Catarrh 7 59 15 11 .. 92 Pneumonia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Pleurisy .. .. 3 .. .. .. 3 Delirium Tremens .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Insanity 1 .. 2 .. .. .. 3 Carbuncle .. .. 2 .. .. .. 2 All other diseases 33 11 634 285 33 8 1004 Total 51 11 1110 452 54 35 1713 • 4 of these were "Typhus," and 9 were '• Typhoid." 31 REPORT on the SANITARY CONDITION OF SAINT MARY, ISLINGTON, FOR AUGUST, 1859. No. XXIX. Although the number of deaths registered in the parish has fallen from 269 in the four weeks of July, to 213 in the four weeks ending the 27th of August, indicating a more favourable condition of the public health in the district, the mortality thus represented is still much above the corrected average of the three preceding years. This continuance of a high mortality is partly due to the registration of persons who died of illnesses contracted during July, and of persons already the subjects of chronic disease, upon whom the excessively hot weather produced a fatally prostrating effect. The mortality from diseases of the zymotic class has happily undergone a reduction from 96 to 65. The deaths from diarrhoea and other forms of bowel complaint, in July, were 56; they have now fallen to 25, of which 10 were registered in the first week of the month. It will be seen on reference to the subjoined table, that in 1856, when the mean temperature of August was nearly the same as the month just elapsed, the mortality from bowel complaints was 45—another illustration, I imagine, of the advantage that is already beginning to appear, in Islington, from the sanitary efforts of the last few years. The mean temperature of the three previous Augusts was 64.1° ; that of the month under report, 64.5°. The mean number of deaths from bowel complaints in the three previous Augusts was 33; in the present year (when the number from the higher temperature 2 of the month might have been expected to be greater) it has been only 25, and this in a quickly-growing population. Fifteen deaths from scarlet fever have been registered, and 11 from fever. There has been only one death from diphtheria, against eight in August last year. The following table is in continuation of those in the two former reports :— Mean Temperature. (Greenwich.) Parish Cases of Diarrhcœ and Cholera. Deaths from Diarrhcœa and Cholera. AUGUST. 1856 1857 1858 1859 1856 1857 1858 1859 1856 1857 1858 1859 1st Week 67.6° 65.2° 62.4° 63.8° 40 69 29 95 6 10 5 10 2nd,, 66.1° 63.7° 65.4° 63.9° 102 74 26 60 11 11 4 7 3rd „ 66.9° 65.1° 63.3° 63.9° 101 83 46 64 14 5 12 6 4th ,, 57.8° 66.9° 59.2° 66.6° 81 99 36 65 14 5 2 2 Total.... 64.6° 65.2° 62.5° 64.5° 324 325 137 281 45 31 23 25 The total number of cases of sickness recorded is one hundred less than last month. EDWARD BALLARD, M.D., Medical Officer of Health. Vestry Offices, September 1st , 1859. TABLE I. DEATHS REGISTERED IN ISLINGTON DURING FOUR WEEKS ENDING AUGUST 27th, 1859. (Deaths of Non - Residents in Hospitals excluded.) West S.D. East S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 60 and under 80 years of age. At 80 years of age and upwards. West. S.D. East. S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 60 and under 80 years of age. At 80 years of age 121 92 At all Ages. 21 116 31 28 31 7 .. .. VI. Laryngitis .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 2 Bronchitis 7 1 .. 2 4 .. Class. 1 .. Pleurisy 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 41 24 I. Zymotic 65 55 3 2 4 l 1 1 Pneumonia 2 2 .. .. .. .. 6 6 II. Dropsy, &c 12 1 1 7 3 .. 1 1 Asthma 2 .. .. 1 1 .. 22 18 III. Tubercular 40 16 19 5 .. .. .. .. Disease of Lungs .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 7 IV. Brain and Nerves It16) 2 2 5 5 2 1 3 V. Heart, &c 4 3 .. .. 1 .. 8 4 VI. Lungs, &c 12 3 .. 4 5 .. 2 2 VII. Teething 4 4 .. .. .. .. 8 8 VII. Digestive Organs. 16 6 3 3 4 .. .. .. Quinsey .. .. . . .. .. .. 3 1 VIII. Kidney, &c 4 .. .. 2 2 .. .. .. Gastritis .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. IX, Childbirth, &c 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. Enteritis 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 2 .. X. Joints, Bones, &c 2 1 .. .. 1 .. 1 .. Peritonitis 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. XI. Skin, &c .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Ascites 3 .. .. 2 1 .. 1 3 XII. Malformations 4 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ulceration of Intest. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 4 XIII. Prem. Birth and Debility. 7 7 .. .. .. .. .. 1 H ernia (Rupture) 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ileus .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 7 XIV. Atrophy 12 12 .. .. .. .. .. .. Intussusception .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 4 XV. Old Age 9 .. .. .. 5 4 .. .. Stricture of Intestinal Canal .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XVI. Sudden .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 3 XVII. Violent Death.. 8 6 6 2 .. .. .. .. Dis. of stomach,&c .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. XVIII. Not Specified 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Disease of Pancreas . .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. I. Small Pox 2 2 .. .. .. .. 1 .. Inflammation of Liver (Hepatitis) 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. Measles 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. Jaundice 1 1 .. .. .. .. 12 3 Scarlatina 15 15 .. .. .. .. 2 2 Disease of liver 4 .. 1 1 2 .. 1 3 Hooping Cough 4 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Spleen .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Croup 2 2 .. .. .. .. 2 1 Thrush 3 2 .. .. .. 1 14 10 Diarrhœa 24 23 .. .. 1 .. .. .. VIII. Nephritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Dysentery .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Nephria(Bright'sDis) 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Cholera 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Ischuria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Influenza .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Diabetes 2 .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. Scurvy and Purpura .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Stone 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Ague .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cystitis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Remittent Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Urethra .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Infantile Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Bladder &c .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 5 Typhus Fever 11 5 3 2 1 .. .. .. Puerperal Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Rheumatic Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. IX. Paramenia .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Erysipelas 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Ovarian Dropsy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Syphilis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Childbirth(seeMetria) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Noma (Canker) .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Dis. of Uterus, &c. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. Epid. Sore Throat.. 1 1 .. .. .. .. 2 .. II. Hæmorrhage 2 1 1 .. .. .. 1 .. X. Rheumatism 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 1 .. Dropsy 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Arthritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Abscess .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Dis. of Joints, &c... 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Ulcer 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Fistula .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Mortification .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XI. Carbuncle .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 5 Cancer 8 .. .. 7 1 .. .. .. Phlegmon .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Gout .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Skin, &c .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. III. Scrofula 1 1 .. .. .. .. 2 3 Tabes Mesenterica . 5 5 .. .. .. .. .. 2 XII. Cyanosis 2 2 .. .. .. .. 15 12 Phthisis(Consumpn.,) 27 3 19 5 .. .. .. .. Spina Bifida 1 1 .. .. .. .. 4 3 Hydrocephalus 7 7 .. .. .. .. 1 .. Other Malformations 1 1 .. .. .. .. 2 1 IV. Cephalitis 3 .. l 1 .. .. .. 3 Apoplexy 3 .. .. 2 1 .. .. .. XIII. Intemperance .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 Palsy (Paralysis) 4 .. 1 .. 3 .. .. .. Privation of Food .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Delirium Tremens 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. Want of Breast Milk 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Chorea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Neglect .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Epilepsy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cold .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Tetanus .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Poison .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Insanity . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Burns and Scalds .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Convulsions 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. Hanging .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 Disease of Brain, &c 3 .. .. 1 .. 2 .. .. Hanging .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 Drowning 4 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. V. Pericarditis .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Fractures & Contus. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Aneurism .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Wounds 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 1 3 Disease of Heart, &c. 4 3 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Other Violence 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 4 TABLE II. NEW CASES OF DISEASE COMING UNDER TREATMENT DURING THE FOUR WEEKS ENDING SATURDAY, THE 27th DAY OF AUGUST, 1859, AT THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS IN ISLINGTON. Workhouse. j Infant Poor House. Out-patient Paupers. Holloway Dispensary. Pentonville Prison. London Fever Hospital. Total. Small Pox .. .. 2 .. .. .. 2 Chicken Pox .. .. 4 1 .. •• 5 Measles .. .. 13 8 .. •• 21 Scarlatina .. .. 16 5 .. 16 37 Hooping Cough .. .. 6 1 .. •• 7 Croup .. .. 1 •• .. •• 1 Diarrhœa 15 .. 265 104 13 .. 397 Dysentery 1 .. 1 1 .. .. 3 Cholera .. .. 2 2 .. .. 4 Ague .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Continued Fever and Infantile Fever .. .. 12 4 .. 22 38 Puerperal Fever .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Rheumatic Fever 1 .. 4 1 .. 1 7 Erysipelas 1 .. 6 2 .. .. 9 Diphtheria • • .. 1 1 .. .. 2 Sorethroat or Tonsillitis .. .. 17 10 .. .. 27 Pyæmia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Bronchitis and Catarrh 4 .. 55 17 .. 3 105 Pneumonia .. .. 2 .. .. 2 4 Pleurisy 1 .. 4 .. .. 1 6 Delirium Tremens .. .. 3 .. .. .. 3 Insanity 1 .. 2 .. .. .. 3 Carbuncle .. .. 2 .. .. 1 3 All other diseases 50 8 541 282 34 13 928 Total 74 8 959 440 73 60 1614 32 REPORT on the SANITARY CONDITION OF SAINT MARY, ISLINGTON, FOR SEPTEMBER, 1859. No. XXX. Two hundred and forty-nine deaths have been registered during the five weeks just terminated. This is a number considerably in excess of the mean of the last three years, viz.—205 deaths, even after every reasonable allowance has been made for an increased population. The cause of the excess is partly an outbreak of measles and scarlet fever; the former, chiefly in Bowman's - place North, and the Queen's road, Holloway; the latter, in Payne street and its neighbourhood, and in the streets adjoining the Caledonian road ; partly to the reappearance, I regret to say, of diphtheria, and partly to an unusual number of deaths (above the mean of September,) from infantile convulsions and other diseases of the nervous system, and also of deaths from violence. There were registered fourteen deaths from measles, twenty from scarlet fever, and ten from diphtheria, which last constituted also a fatal complication in one of the cases of measles, and in one of scarlet fever. Scarlet fever and diphtheria both exhibited an increase at the same time, in about the second or third week of the month. Among the deaths from scarlet fever, is enumerated that of a medical gentleman in Highbury, who contracted the disease in the discharge of his professional duties. Two of the deaths from diphtheria occurred in an overcrowded house at 13, Adelaide square. 2 The weekly progress of measles and scarlet fever, are both shewn in the following table, which is in continuation of those in former reports:— Mean Temperature. (Greenwich.) Parish Cases of Diarrhœa and Cholera. Deaths from Diarrhcœa and Cholera. Measles, Scarlet Fever. Deaths from Diphtheria. Deaths Parish cases. | Deaths. Parish cases. SEPT. 1856 1857 1858 1859 1856 1857 1858 1859 1856 1857 1858 1859 1859 1859 1859 1859 1859 1st Week 61.0° 60.4° 59.4° 57.5° 62 62 32 35 9 4 7 8 2 6 2 3 1 2nd ,, 57.5° 60.5° 59.4° 58.0° 51 46 30 37 10 6 3 7 5 6 4 1 0 3rd „ 58.7° 62.1° 63.4° 53.8° 39 16 22 25 6 4 2 4 5 12 2 13 6 4th „ 53.7° 59.1° 58.6° 56.5° 48 25 17 19 3 2 2 4 2 5 6 13 0 5th „ 52.9° 58.4° 57.6° 58.7° 27 15 7 18 0 2 0 3 0 20 6 29 3 Total 56.7° 60.1° 59.6° 56.9° 227 164 108 134 28 18 14 26 14 49 20 59 10 Seventeen hundred and seven new cases of disease were entered on the books of the several establishments from which I receive returns. Of these, sixty-one were cases of measles, and ninety-one of scarlet fever. There were also forty-nine cases of tonsillitis and other forms of sore throat. EDWARD BALLARD, M.D., Medical Officer of Health. Vestry Offices, October 5th, 1859. TABLE I. DEATHS REGISTERED IN ISLINGTON DURING FIVE WEEKS ENDING OCTOBER 1st, 1859. (Deaths of Non-Residents in Hospitals excluded.) West S.D. East S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. 1 Under 20 yeara oi age. At 20 and under 40 years of aee. At 40 and under 6o years of age. j At do and under 80 years of age. I At 80 years of age and upwards. West. S.D. East. S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 J years of age. | At 60 and under 80 years of age. || At 80 years of age 124 125 At all Ages. 249 145 33 33 35 3 .. 2 VI.Laryngitis 2 .. .. .. 2 .. 8 4 Bronchitis 12 4 .. 2 4 .. Class. .. .. Pleurisy .. .. .. .. .. 36 54 I.Zymotic. 90 77 6 4 3 .. 3 2 Pneumonia 5 4 .. 1 .. .. 5 2 II. Dropsy, &c 7 .. 1 5 1 1 .. Asthma 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 16 22 III.Tubercular 38 15 15 6 1 .. .. 2 Disease of Lungs 4 1 .. .. 1 .. 15 10 IV. Brain and Nerves 25 12 1 7 4 1 3 9 V.Heart, &c. 12 .. 4 1 7 .. 12 10 VI. Lungs, &c. 22 9 .. 5 6 2 .. 3 VII. Teething 3 3 .. .. .. .. 8 7 VII. Digestive Organs. 15 6 .. 3 6 .. .. .. Quinsey .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. VIII. Kidney, &c. 3 .. .. .. 3 .. .. .. Gastritis .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 IX. Childbirth, &c. 3 .. 2 .. 1 .. .. 1 Enteritis 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. X.Joints,Bones, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Peritonitis .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. XI. Skin, &c. 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 1 Ascites 2 1 .. .. 1 2 .. XII.Malformation 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ulceration of Intest. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 XIII. Prem. Birth and Debility 5 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. Hernia (Rupture) .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 l 3 3 .. .. .. .. 1 1 Ileus 2 .. .. 1 1 .. 6 3 XIV. Atrophy 9 9 .. .. .. .. 1 .. Intussusception 1 1 .. .. .. .. 2 1 XV. Old Age 3 .. .. .. 3 .. .. .. Stricture of Intestinal .. .. XVI. Sudden .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Canal .. .. .. .. .. 8 3 XVII. Violent Death 11 6 3 2 .. .. .. .. Dis. of Stomach,&c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XVIII. Not specified .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Pancreas . .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 I. Small pox 3 3 .. .. .. .. 3 .. Inflammation of Liver (Hepatitis) 3 .. .. 2 1 .. .. 14 Measles 14 14 .. .. .. .. .. .. Jaundice .. .. .. .. .. 13 7 Scarlatina 90 19 1 .. .. .. 2 1 Diseases of Liver 3 .. .. .. 3 .. .. 2 Hooping Cough 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. Diseases of Spleen .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 Croup 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Thrush 1 1 .. .. .. .. 12 12 Diarrhœa 24 19 .. 2 3 .. 1 .. VII. Nephritis 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 1 1 Dysentery 2 .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. Nephria(Bright's Dis) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cholera .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ischuria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Influenza .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Diabetes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Scurvy and Purpura .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stone .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ague .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cystitis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Remittent Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Urethia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Infantile Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. Disease of Bladder &c 2 .. .. .. 2 .. 3 4 Typhus Fever 7 4 2 1 .. .. .. .. Puerperal .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Rheumatic Fever .. l 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. IX. Paramenia .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Erysipelas 1 .. 1 .. .. Ovarian Dropsy .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Syphilis l 1 2 .. Childbirth(seeMetria) 2 .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. Noma(Canker) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Dis. of Uterus, &c. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 3 8 Epid. Sore Throat 11 10 1 .. .. .. .. .. II. Hæmorrhage .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. X. Rheumatism .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Dropsy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Arthritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Abscess .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Dis. of Joints,&c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ulcer .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Fistula .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Mortification .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XI. carbuncle .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 2 Cancer 7 .. 1 5 1 .. .. .. Phlegmon .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Gout .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Disease of Skin, &c 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. III. Scrofula .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 Tabes Mesenterica 3 3 .. .. .. .. 1 .. XII. Cyanosis 1 1 .. .. .. .. 14 13 Phthisis(Consumpn.) 27 4 16 6 1 .. .. .. Spina Bifida .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 7 Hydrocephalus 8 8 .. .. .. .. 1 .. Other Malformations 1 1 .. .. .. .. 6 2 IV. Cephalitis 8 3 1 3 1 .. 1 1 Apoplexy 2 .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. XIII. Intemperance .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 Palsy (Paralysis) 3 .. .. .. 2 1 .. .. Privation of food .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Delirium Tremens 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 2 .. want of Breast milk 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. Chorea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Neglect .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Epilepsy 1 .. .. 1 .. Cold .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Tetanus 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. Poison 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Insanity .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Burns and scalds 1 1 .. .. .. .. 4 4 Convulsions 8 8 .. .. .. .. 2 .. Hanging 2 .. 1 1 .. .. 1 .. Disease of Brain,&c 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. Suffocation 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. V. Pericarditis .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Fractures & Contus. 2 .. 1 1 .. .. .. 1 Aneurism 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Wounds 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 3 8 Disease of Heart, &c. 11 .. 4 1 6 .. .. .. Other violence .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 TABLE II. NEW CASES OP DISEASE COMING UNDER TREATMENT DURING THE FIVE WEEKS ENDING SATURDAY, TIIE 1st DAY OF OCTOBER, 1859, AT THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS IN ISLINGTON. Workhouse. j Infant Poor House. Out-patient Paupers. Holloway Dispensary. Pentonville Prison. London Fever Hospital. Total. Small Pox .. .. 5 .. .. 2 7 Chicken Pox .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Meales .. .. 49 12 .. .. 61 Scarlatina .. .. 59 12 .. 20 91 Hooping Cough .. .. 10 3 .. .. 13 Croup .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Diarrhœa 9 .. 124 33 7 .. 173 Dysentery 1 .. 3 1 .. .. 5 Cholera .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ague .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Continued Fever and Infantile Fever .. .. 7 7 .. 29* 43 Puerperal Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Rheumatic Fever 2 .. 8 .. .. 1 11 Erysipelas .. .. .. 1 1 2 Diphtheria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Sorethroat or Tonsillitis .. .. 29 19 .. 1 49 Pyæmia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Bronchitis and Catarrh 17 .. 106 29 24 .. 176 Pneumonia .. .. 2 1 .. 4 7 Pleurisy .. .. 5 .. .. 1 6 delirium Tremens .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Insanity 2 .. 2 .. .. .. 4 Carbundle .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 All other diseases 42 9 636 295 62 10 1054 Totals 73 9 1046 412 94 70 1704 * 1 "Typhus"—28 "Typhoid." REPORT on the SANITARY CONDITION OP SAINT MARY, ISLINGTON, FOR OCTOBER, 1859. No. XXXI. The Table of Mortality for the month of October bears much resemblance to that for October of last year. It is especially remarkable in presenting the same total of registered deaths, 182, and nearly the same total for scarlet fever, which at this time last year was, as it is now, the prevailing zymotic malady. The fact that scarlet fever was increasing in the parish, at the close of last month, would of course lead to the expectation that the 20 deaths in the five weeks of September would be greatly exceeded in October. The deaths registered during the last four weeks have been 29 (about half as many again). Last year, in October, it was the Eastern sub-district which principally suffered from this disease. This year, the proportion of deaths in the two sub-districts has been just reversed. The neighbourhoods visited most severely were indicated in my last report. By obtaining a free distribution of my " Directions for Preventing the spread of Infectious Diseases" in the infected neighbourhoods, I have endeavoured to impress the parents of the children attacked, with the importance of keeping the healthy apart from the sick, and of availing themselves of the advantages which the roomy and wellventilated Fever Hospital affords for successful treatment over their own close and crowded dwellings. Of all the infectious diseases to which childhood is liable, scarlet fever is that against which the most careful precautions are necessary, in as much as, while it is more readily communicated than any other, it is by far the most fatal in its attacks. It should be understood, not only by the poor, but by the heads of every family in the parish, that the infection is most insidious, that it lurks even in clothing and in bedding, and that the use of them, unpurified, after they have been put away for many months, has been, in some instances, the origin of a renewed outbreak. Where the disease occurs in a house, in which it can be so arranged, the sick individual 2 and his attendant should be completely separated from the rest of the family, in a room as far as possible apart, all needless hangings and carpets being removed ; and, after the termination of the case, the apartment, furniture, bedding, and clothing, should be carefully disinfected prior to their re-use. A11 imperfect and unpractical apprehension of the necessity of this extreme carefulness in the families of the wealthier, and the great difficulty of exercising it in the families of the poor (however its necessity may be recognized) are among the prime causes of the rapid and extensive spread of this disease. The deaths from Scarlet fever, weekly, have been 9—6—6—6. There was one death from diphtheria, and this disease complicated also one of the fatal cases of scarlet fever. The month of October has this year been remarkable for the unprecedented range of its temperature, for the unusual height of the thermometer in its commencement, and for its equally unusual depression towards its close. The amount of pulmonary disease has been much below the average, but increased decidedly during the last week of the month. The number of cases of bronchitis, catarrh, &c., entered on the books of the Parochial Surgeons, was only 99, against 166 and 157 cases in the two previous years. The weekly numbers were 20, 23, 16 and 40. These gentlemen attended 61 cases of scarlet fever, against 5, 10 and 25 in the three previous years. EDWARD BALLARD, M.D., Medical Officer of Health. Vestry Offices, November 3rd, 1859. TABLE I. DEATHS REGISTERED IN ISLINGTON DURING FOUR WEEKS ENDING OCTOBER 29th, 1859. (Deaths of Non-Residents in Hospitals excluded.) West S.D. East S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under '20 years of age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and undtr 60 years of age. At 6o and under 80 years of age. At 80 years of age and upwards. West. S.D. East. S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Uuder20 years of age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 6u and under 80 years of age. At 80 years of age and upwards 103 79 At all Ages. 182 95 24 25 31 7 1 .. VI. Laryngitis 1 1 .. .. .. .. 2 4 Bronchitis 6 1 .. 1 3 1 Class. 2 .. Pleurisy 2 1 .. .. 1 .. 39 25 I. Zymotic 64 51 9 3 1 .. 3 1 Pneumonia 4 1 1 1 1 .. 6 2 II. Dropsy, &c 8 .. .. 4 4 .. 1 .. Asthma 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 20 15 III. Tubercular 35 11 12 9 3 .. .. .. Disease of Lungs .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 8 IV. Brain and Nerves 18 7 1 2 7 1 3 2 V. Heart, &c. 5 .. .. 1 4 .. 9 5 VI. Lungs, &c. 14 4 1 2 6 1 2 .. VII. Teething 2 2 .. .. .. .. 5 5 VII. Digestive Organ 10 3 .. 3 3 l .. .. Quinsey .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. VIII. Kidney, &c 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. Gastritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 IX, Childbirth, &c. 2 .. 1 .. 1 .. .. 1 Enteritis 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 2 X. Joints, Bones, &c 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. Peritonitis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XI. Skin, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ascites .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 XII. Malformations 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Ulceration of Intest 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 3 3 XIH. Prem. Birth and Debility. 6 6 .. .. .. .. 1 1 Hernia (Rupture) 2 .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Ileus 1 .. .. .. .. 1 4 .. XIV. Atrophy 4 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. Intussusception .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 4 XV. Old Age 6 .. .. .. 2 4 .. .. Stricture of Intestinal Canal .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XVI. Sudden .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Dis. of stomach, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 5 XVII. Violent Death 6 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. Diseases of pancreas .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XVIII. Not Specified .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Inflammation of Liver (hepatitis) 2 .. I. Small Pox 2 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. Jaundice .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Chicken-pox 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Diseases of liver 3 .. .. 2 1 .. 4 5 Measles 9 9 .. .. .. .. 1 2 Diseases of spleen .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 8 Scarlatina 27 25 2 .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 Hooping Cough 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. Croup .. .. .. .. .. .. VIII. Nephritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Thrush .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Nephria(Bright's Dis0 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. 4 Diarrhœa 4 4 .. .. .. .. 1 .. Ischuria .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Dysentery 2 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. Diabetes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cholera .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stone .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Scurvy and Purpura .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. cystitis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ague .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Urethra .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Remittent Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Diseases of Bladder &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Infantile Fever 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 5 Typhus Fever 16 5 2 3 .. .. 1 .. Puerperal Fever 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 2 .. Rheumatic Fever 2 .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. IX. Paramenia .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Erysipelas 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Ovarian Dropsy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Syphilis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Childbirth(seeMetria) 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Noma(canker) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Dis. of Uterus, &c. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Epid. Sore Throat 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. II. Hæmorrhage .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. X. Rheumatism .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 Dropsy 4 .. .. 2 2 .. .. .. Arthritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Abscess .. .. .. .. .. .. • • 2 Dis. of Joints, &c. 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ulcer .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Fistula .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Mortification .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XI. Carbuncle .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 Cancer 3 .. .. 2 1 .. .. .. Phlegmon .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Gout 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Disease of Skin, &c .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 III. Scrofula 3 1 1 1 .. .. 1 1 Tapes Mesenterica 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. 1 XII. Cyanosis 1 1 .. .. .. .. 14 11 Phthisis(Consumpn.) 25 3 11 8 3 .. .. .. Spina Bifida .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 Hydrocephalus 5 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. Other Malformations .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. IV. Cephalitis 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Apoplexy 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. XIII. Intemperance .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 2 Palsy (Paralysis) 7 .. 1 1 4 1 .. .. Privation of food .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Delirium Tremens .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Want of Breast Milk 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Chorea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. neglect .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Epilespy 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Cold .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Tetanus .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Poison .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Insanity .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Burns and Scalds 1 1 .. .. .. .. 3 2 Convulsions 5 5 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Hanging .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Disease of Brain, &c 3 1 .. 1 1 .. .. 1 Suffocation 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. V. Pericarditis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Fractures & Contus. 2 .. .. .. .. 1 .. Aneurism 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Wounds .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 Disease of Heart, &c. 4 .. .. 1 3 .. .. .. Other Violence .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 TABLE II. NEW CASES OF DISEASE COMING UNDER TREATMENT DURING THE FIVE WEEKS ENDING SATURDAY, THE 29th DAY OF OCTOBER, 1859, AT THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS IN ISLINGTON. Workhouse. Infant Poor House. Out-patient Paupers. Holloway Dispensary. Pentonville Prison. London Fever Hospital. Total. Small Pox .. .. 2 2 .. .. 4 Chicken Pox .. .. 6 2 .. .. 8 Measles .. .. 15 9 .. .. 24 Scarlatina .. .. 61 26 .. 12 99 Hooping Cough .. .. 15 5 .. .. 20 Croup .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Diarrhœa 1 .. 42 13 6 .. 62 Dysentery .. .. 1 1 .. .. 2 Cholera .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ague .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Continued Fever and Infantile Fever .. .. 12 6 .. 28* 46 Puerperal Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Rheumatic Fever 1 .. 4 1 .. .. 6 Erysipelas 1 .. 8 .. .. .. 9 Diphtheria .. .. 1 1 .. .. 2 Sorethroat or Tonsillitis .. .. 21 11 .. .. 32 Pyæmia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Bronchitis and Catarrh 11 .. 83 25 16 1 136 Pneumonia .. .. 2 .. .. .. 2 Pleurisy .. .. 3 1 .. .. 4 Delirium Tremens .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Insanity 2 .. 4 .. .. .. 6 Carbuncle 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 2 All other diseases 34 10 466 261 31 7 809 Total 51 10 747 365 53 48 1274 •All cases of "Typhoid." REPORT on the SANITARY CONDITION OF SAINT MARY, ISLINGTON, FOR NOVEMEER, 1859. No. XXXII. The registered mortality has this month been as large as it was in November last year, viz.: 232. Scarlet fever, which last month occasioned the death of 27 persons, principally in the western half of the parish, has spread into the eastern division and has been fatal to 38 individuals. In some instances it has carried off two or three children out of a family: one case is stated to have been complicated with diphtheria. In the first week of the month, 11 deaths from scarlet fever were registered, in the second 14, in the third 7, and in the fourth 6. The fatal cases have, with but few exceptions, occurred in the families of artizans or labouring men residing in streets or courts, the houses of which are mostly let in single rooms, or pairs of rooms. In November last year the deaths from scarlet fever were 2.9. Another important feature in the morality table is the registration of five deaths from small-pox: two of them occurred in one house. The following are the particulars: On November 2nd, at 13, Newhall Street, the daughter of a Paper-hanger, aged 1 year, Small pox; duration, 16 days. Slated to have been vaccinated, but not taken for inspection. On November 21st, at 13, Newhall Street, the son of a Lock-filer, aged 1 year. Small-pox; duration, 4 days. Not vaccinated. On November 5tb, at 28, Brunswick Road, son of a Bootmaker, aged 5 months, Small-pox ; duration, 21 days. Not vaccinated. On November 17th, at Small-pox Hospital, from 15, Frederick Place, Goswell Road, a female, aged 30 years, Small-pox, duration, 21 days. Not vaccinated. On November 20th, at 30, Brunswick Road, son of a Carpenter, aged 4 years. Not known if vaccinated or not. By the " Public Health Act, 1858," the Board of Trustees, as the guardians of the poor in Islington, are constituted the official prosecutors in any legal proceedings against parents for neglecting the vaccination of their children, under the compulsory Vaccination Act of 1853. I believe much public good 2 would be effected were the Trustees to carry out their powers by prosecuting, by way of example, one or two of the many persons who, every year in Islington, set this important law at defiance. The district registrars could readily furnish a long list of offenders. You have probably noticed in the obituary of the "Times" the death of one member after another of a family residing at 7, Shaftesbury Villas, Homsey Road. In the middle of September, the father, mother, three children and a servant, took lodgings in one of the besthouses in Margate, but one which was contaminated with offensive, (probably cesspool) air from badly constructed water closets on each floor. In three days all of these persons were attacked with diarrhoea, and the mother and one of the children after residing a fortnight in the house were seized with Typhoid fever—came home and died. Another child died shortly after from diphtheria, and the father died from the effects of grief, on November 29th. Another family of four persons, related to them, was seized with diarrhcea after residing for two days in the same house at Margate, and two of the children suffered from fever. Such an event shouldprove a warning to those who take summer excursions in search of health, and should teach them to exercise due discretion in selecting such watering places as have been placed by the local authorities in a wholesome sanitary condition. The table of sickness shows an increase in the number of cases of pulmonary diseases, such as is customary at this season of the year. The total number of cases of scarlet fever recorded has risen from 99 last month to 123. Of these, 67 were recorded on the books of the Parochial Surgeons, the weekly numbers being 16, 12, 15 and 24. St. Mary's, Thornhill, and Upper Holloway are the districts in which it has been prevailing to the greatest extent. EDWARD BALLARD, M.D., Medical Officer of Health. Vestry Offices, December lstf, 1859. TABLE I. DEATHS REGISTERED IN ISLINGTON DURING FOUR WEEKS ENDING NOVEMBER 26th, 1859. (Deaths of Non-Residents in Hospitals excluded.) West S.D. East S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years 40 age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 6o and uncer 80 years of age. At 80 years ot age and upwards. West. S.D. East. S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 60 and under 80 years of age. At 80 years of age and uDwards  132 100 At all Ages. 232 121 33 39 33 6 1 1 VI. Larvngitis 2 2 .. .. .. .. 11 3 Bronchitis 14 4 1 2 7 .. Class. 2 .. Pleurisy 2 1 .. 1 .. .. 40 34 I. Zymotic. 74 64 5 1 4 .. 4 3 Pneumonia 7 4 .. 2 1 .. 6 9 II. Dropsy, &c. 15 2 3 4 5 1 1 .. Asthma 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 19 15 III. Tubercular 34 7 18 8 1 .. .. .. Disease of Lungs .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 9 IV. Brain and Nerves. 18 7 1 5 4 1 7 6 V. Heart &c. 13 1 2 5 5 .. VII.Teething 1 1 .. .. .. .. 19 7 VI. Lungs, &. 26 11 1 5 9 .. 1 .. Quinsey .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 2 VII. Digestive Organs 11 2 2 5 2 .. .. .. Gastritis .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 VIII. Kidney, &c. 7 4 .. 3 .. .. .. .. Enteritis 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. 2 IX. Childbirth, &c. 2 .. 1 1 .. .. 1 .. Peritonitis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. X. Joints, Bones, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ascites 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. XI. Skin, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Ulceration Of Intest .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XII. Malformations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Hernia .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 2 XIII. Prem. Birth and Debility 8 8 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ileus .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Instussusception .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 XIV. Atrophy 5 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Intestinal canal .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 3 XV. Old Age 7 .. .. .. 3 4 .. .. Dis. o0f stomach, &c 4 .. 1 2 1 .. .. .. XVI. Sudden .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 4 XVII. Violent Death 9 8 .. 1 .. .. 3 1 Disease of Pancreas .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 XVIII. Not Specified 2 1 .. 1 .. .. 1 .. Inflammation of liver (hepatitis) 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 3 2 I. Small Pox 5 4 1 .. .. .. .. .. Jaundice .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 5 Chiken pox 6 6 .. .. .. .. 2 1 Disease of liver 3 1 .. 2 .. .. 20 18 Scarlatina 38 38 .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of spleen .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 Hooping Cough 4 4 .. .. .. .. 1 1 Croup 2 2 .. .. .. .. 1 .. THrush 1 1 .. .. .. .. VIII. Nephritis .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Diarrhœa 2 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. Nephria (Bright's Dis) 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Dysentery 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 1 2 Isehuria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cholera .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Diabetes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Influenza .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stone .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Scurvy and Purpura 2 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. Cystitis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ague .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Uthera .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Remittent Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Diseases of Bladders &c 4 1 .. .. 3 .. 1 1 Infantile Fever 2 2 .. .. .. .. 2 2 5 1 Typhus Fever 6 3 2 1 .. .. .. 1 Puerperal Fever 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. Rheumatic Fever 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. IX. Paramenia .. .. .. .. .. .. I .. Erysipelas 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Ovarian Dropsy 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. Syphilis 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Childbirth(see Metria) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Noma(Canker) .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Dis. ot Uterus, &c. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. Epid. Sore Throat 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 2 II. Hæmorrhage 3 .. 2 .. 1 .. .. .. X. Rheumatism .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 Dropsy 4 2 .. 1 1 .. .. .. Arthritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Abscess .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Dis. Of Joints, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ulcer .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Fistula .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Mortification .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 4 Cancer 7 .. 1 3 2 1 .. .. .. 1 Gout 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Duease of Skin, &c 1 .. III. Scrofula l 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Tabes Mesenlerica . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XII. Cyanosis .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 13 Phthi8is(Consumpn.) 30 3 18 8 1 .. .. .. spina Bifida .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 Hydrocephalus 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. Other Malformations .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 IV. Cephalitis 2 2 .. .. .. .. XIII. Intemperance .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 3 Apoplexy 4 1 .. 1 2 .. .. .. Privation of food 1 1 .. .. .. .. 5 .. Palsy (Paralysis) 5 .. .. 2 2 1 1 .. Want of brest milk 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. Delirium Tremens 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. Naglet .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Chorea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cold .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Epilespy 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Poison .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Tetanus 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. Burns and scalds 2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. Insanity .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 l Hanging .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 Convulsions 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. Suffocation 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Disease of Brain,&c 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Drowining 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. V. Pericarditis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Fractures & Contus .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Aneurism 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Wounds .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 5 Disease of Heart, &c. 12 1 2 5 4 .. 2 1 Other Violence 3 3 .. .. .. .. 4 TABLE II. NEW CASES OF DISEASE COMING UNDER TREATMENT DURING THE FOUR WEEKS ENDING SATURDAY, THE 26th DAY OF NOVEMBER, 1859, AT THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS IN ISLINGTON. Workhouse. Infant Poor House. Out-patient Paupers. Hollo way Dispensary. Pentonville Prison. London Fever Hospital. Total. Small pox .. .. 5 .. .. 1 6 Chicken pox .. .. 3 2 .. .. 5 Measles .. .. 17 31 .. .. 48 Scarlatina .. .. 67 44 .. 12 123 Hooping Cough .. .. 13 8 .. .. 21 Croup .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Diarrhœa 2 .. 14 5 1 .. 22 Dysentery .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Cholera .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ague .. .. 4 .. .. .. 4 Continued Fever and Infantile Fever .. .. 10 3 .. 29* 42 Puerperal Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Rheumatic Fever 4 .. 10 .. .. 2 16 Erysipelas 2 .. 4 3 .. .. 9 Diphtheria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Sorethroat or Tonsillitis .. .. 27 18 .. 2 47 Pyæmia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Bronchitis and Catarrh 22 .. 192 54 31 1 310 Pneumonia .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Pleurisy .. .. 2 2 .. .. 4 Delirium Tremens .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Insanity 3 .. 3 .. .. .. 6 Carbuncle .. .. 3 .. .. .. 3 All other diseases 41 4 418 249 29 3 744 Total 74 4 796 419 61 50 1404 *All "Typhoid." REPORT ON THE SANITARY CONDITION OF SAINT MARY, ISLINGTON, FOR DECEMBER, 1859. No. XXXIII. "The mortality from small-pox increases slowly but steadily." Thus writes the Registrar-General in his return of births and deaths in London for the last week of 1859. And I place this extract at the head of my report, because I desire the subject to occupy in your minds the prominent position that at the present time it holds in my own. Whatever the atmospheric condition may be which favours the outbreak and spread of this disease, that condition now exists; and persons who are either not vaccinated, or who have been vaccinated but imperfectly, or who, from lapse of years, have regained more or less of their natural liability, are exposed to unusual danger. This fact should now be fully recognised, in order that every family in the parish may see the desirableness of ascertaining from their medical adviser, whether or not the vaccination each member has undergone may still be relied upon for a protective influence, and in order that steps may be taken for the efficient protection of those whose ignorance or whose poverty renders them the special objects of public care. It is, I presume, for the Board of Trustees to consider whether the present organisation for public vaccination, which has sufficed for ordinary seasons, will meet all the necessities of a threatened epidemic. What is requisite now is that the unvaccinated should be sought out and be induced to submit to the operation. The general mortality in Islington, as registered during the five weeks of December, was 320: the mean of the previous three years being 294, this number, in our rapidly-increasing population, cannot be regarded as excessive. Thirty-eight deaths from scarlet fever represent a diminution in its mortality to the extent of one-fourth. The weekly numbers were 10, 9, 9, 6, 4. 2 The following deaths from small-pox were registered : On November 26th, at 30, Brunswick Road, son of a Carpenter, aged 6 years, small-pox; duration 11 days. This is the second death from small-pox in this family. On December 10th, at 15, Whittington Terrace, son of a Greengrocer, 6 months, small-pox; duration 7 days. Unvaccinated. On December 13th, at 2, Clyde Terrace, a Licensed Victualler, Small-pox. On December 21st, at 3, St. James Street, the daughter of a Cab Proprietor, Small-pox; duration 8 days. Thirteen persons died at various ages above 80 years; one of them is stated to have reached 97 years, and another 99 years. The severe frost, which set in on the 14th and terminated on the 20th of the month, operated as a sudden check to the progress of scarlet fever—74 cases having this month been returned to me, in place of 123 returned in November. Among the pauper patients, the weekly numbers were 5, 9, 11, 2, 1. Sidney Grove, situated at the boundary of the parish towards St. Luke's, has suffered most severely. The pressure of the epidemic bore chiefly upon the unfortunate inhabitants of a row of nine crowded houses, which for arrangements at variance with every sanitary principle find no parallel in my experience. An abortive attempt to ventilate the rooms was made about a year ago. Their defect, however, lies in their original construction, whereby darkness and stagnation of air are alone effectually secured. EDWARD BALLARD, M.D., Medical Officer of Health Vestry Offices, January 6 th, 1860. TABLE I. DEATHS REGISTERED IN ISLINGTON DURING FIVE WEEKS ENDING DECEMBER 31st, 1859. (Deaths of Non-Residents in Hospitals excluded.) West S.D. East S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. | At 6o and uncer 80 years of age. At 80 years of age and upwards. West. s.D. East. S.D. Causes of Death. At all Ages. Under 20 years of age. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 6o and under 80 years of age. At 80 years of age and upwards. 165 155 At all Ages. 320 174 43 43 4/ 13 .. .. VI. Laryngitis .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 21 Bronchitis 47 17 0 9 15 1 Class. .. .. Pleuurisy .. .. .. .. .. .. 37 33 I. Zymotic 70 64 5 .. .. 1 9 11 Pneumonia 20 15 1 2 2 .. 2 8 II. Dropsy, &c. 10 1 1 2 5 1 2 1 Asthma 3 .. .. .. 3 .. 26 21 III. Tubercular 47 18 20 9 .. .. .. .. Disease of Lungs .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 19 IV. Brain and Nerves 39 18 3 7 11 .. 3 7 V. Heart, &c. 10 1 3 2 4 .. 37 33 VI. Lungs, &c. 7??? 32 6 11 20 1 2 2 VII. Teething 4 4 .. .. .. .. 6 8 VII. Digestive Organs. 14 5 2 6 .. 2 .. .. Quinsey .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 VIII. Kidney, &c 5 1 .. 4 .. .. .. .. Gastritis .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. IX. Childbirth, &c. 3 .. 1 2 .. .. .. .. Enteritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. X. Joints, Bones, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Peritonitis 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. XI. Skin, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Ascites 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. XII. Malformations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ulceration of Intest. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 6 XIII. Prem. Birth 6 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. Hernia (Bupture) .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 and Debility 4 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. Ileus .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 3 XIV. Atrophy 8 8 .. .. .. .. .. .. Intussusception .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 7 XV. Old Age 14 .. .. .. 6 8 .. .. Stricture of Intestinal .. .. XVI. Sudden .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Canal .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 9 XVII. Violent Death 19 15 2 1 1 .. 1 .. Dis. of Stomach, &c. 1 .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. XVIII. Not Specified 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Pancreas . .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 .. I. Small pox 4 3 1 .. .. .. .. .. Inflammation of liver (Hepatitis) .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Chicken pox 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Jaundice 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 3 4 Measles 7 7 .. .. .. .. 2 4 Disease of liver 6 .. 1 4 .. 1 19 19 Scarlatina 38 38 .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of spleen .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 Hooping Cough 3 3 .. .. .. .. 2 1 Croup 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. Thrush .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 VIII. Nephritis 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 3 .. Diarrhœa 3 2 .. .. .. 1 1 .. Nephria(Bright's Dis) 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Dysentery .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ischuria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Influenza .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Diabetes 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. Scurvy and Purpura .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Stone .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ague .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cystitis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Remittent Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Urethra .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Infantile fever .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. Disease of Bladder &c 2 .. .. 2 .. .. 1 1 Typhus Fever 2 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. Puerperal Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Rheumatie Fever 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. IX. Paramenia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Erysipelas 2 2 .. .. .. .. 1 .. Ovarian Dropsy 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. Syphilis 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. Childbirth(seeMetria) 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Noma(canker) .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Dis. of Uterus, &c. 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 2 3 Epid. Sore Throat 5 3 2 .. .. .. 2 .. II. Hæmorrhage 2 .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. X. Rheumatism .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Dropsy 3 1 1 .. l .. .. .. Arthritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Abscess .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Dis. of joints, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ulcer .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Fistula .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Mortification 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 3 Cancer 3 .. .. 1 2 .. .. .. .. 1 Gout 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Disease of Skin, &c - .. .. .. .. .. III. Scrofula .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 Tabes Mcsenlerica . 4 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. XII. Cyanosis .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 16 Phthisis(Consumpn.) 33 4 20 9 .. .. .. .. Spina Biflda .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 4 Hydrocephalus 10 10 .. .. .. .. .. .. Other Malformations .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 IV. cephalitis 2 2 .. .. .. .. 5 4 Apoplexy 9 2 .. 3 4 .. .. .. XIII. Intemperance .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 .. Palsy (Paralysis) 4 .. .. 1 3 .. .. .. Privation of food .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Delirium Tremens 2 .. 2 .. .. .. 3 .. Want of breast milk 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. Chorea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Neglect .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Epilespy 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. Cold .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 tetanus 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Poison .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Insanity .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 1 Burns and Scalds 6 5 .. 1 .. .. 8 6 Convulsion 14 14 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Hanging 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 1 5 Disease of Brain,&c 6 .. .. 3 3 .. 2 2 Suffocation 4 3 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Drowning 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. V. Pericarditis 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Fractures & Contus. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Aneurism 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Wounds 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 2 6 Disease of Heart, &c. 8 .. 3 1 4 .. 1 1 Other Violence 2 2 .. .. .. .. 4 TABLE II. NEW CASES OF DISEASE COMING UNDER TREATMENT DURING THE FIVE WEEKS ENDING SATURDAY, THE 31st DAY OF DECEMBER, 1859, AT THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS IN ISLINGTON. Workhouse. Infant Poor House. Out-patient Paupers. Holloway Dispensary. Pentonville Prison. London Fever Hospital. Total. Small Pox .. .. 5 1 .. 1 7 Chicken pox .. .. 5 1 .. .. 6 Measles .. 2 5 6 .. .. 13 Scarlatina .. .. 28 24 .. 22 74 Hooping Cough .. .. 12 4 .. .. 16 Croup .. .. 1 2 .. .. 3 Diarrhœa 2 .. 25 15 6 .. 48 Dysentery .. .. 3 .. .. .. 3 Cholera .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ague .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Continued Fever .. .. 16 6 .. 13* 35 Puerperal Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Rheumatic Fever 1 .. 6 2 .. 1 10 Erysipelas .. .. 12 2 .. 1 15 Diphtheria .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Sorethroat or Tonsillitis .. .. 18 5 .. 3 26 Pyæmia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Bronchitis and Catarrh 18 .. 256 77 28 .. 379 Pneumonia .. .. 4 2 .. .. 6 Pleurisy .. .. 2 1 .. 1 4 Delirium Tremens .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Insanity 4 .. 4 .. .. .. 8 Carbuncle .. .. 2 .. .. .. 2 All other diseases 45 4 458 270 54 4 835 Total 70 6 863 419 88 46 1492 *All "Typhoid." REPORT ON THE SANITARY CONDITION of the parish of st. Marg, Islingtion DURING THE YEAR 1859. BY EDWARD BALLARD, M.D., (Loud.) MEMBER OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS; FELLOW OF THE ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, ETC. MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH. LONDON: J. & I. TIREBUCK, PRINTERS AND LITHOGRAPHERS, MONKWELL STREET, CITY, AND ISLINGTON. 1860. TO THE VESTRY OF ST. MARY, ISLINGTON. Gentlemen, 1. In estimating with accuracy the Sanitary condition of a district, and especially in attempting to compare it with that of any other district, it is not enough to enumerate the cases of sickness, or the deaths which take place in the course of nature, or as the result of disease. It is true that such an enumeration is one element, and an essential element in the problem, but there is a variety of other Considerations which must be taken into account. Among the most important of these are the number of persons inhabiting the district during the period embraced in the inquiry, the relative proportion of the sexes, of the young, middle-aged, and old, the occupations in which they are engaged, their wealth or poverty, etc. And if it is necessary to take note of all these points in estimations relating to a large district such as an entire parish, the necessity for it becomes still more urgent where smaller portions are the subject of investigation, where for instance the sanitary state of one street or group of streets has to be measured against another street or group of streets. And yet, after all, this is the branch of inquiry which most closely concerns a Local Board deputed to watch for and remove local sources of ill health. It is moreover that which is most fruitful of practical suggestions to a Medical Officer of Health, who has not only to point out where disease (fatal or otherwise) prevails, to lay his finger on the very streets, courts, or houses, but also to say why it presents itself where it does, to distinguish among its several causes those which the legislature has empowered the local authority to remedy, and those which can only be removed or guarded against by measures adapted to call into exercise the intelligence of the people and to rouse them to individual effort for the private maintainance of health. It is now nine years since a census of the population was taken, and while I found it a most difficult task at the commencement of my period of office to form an estimate of our numbers which might command general concurrence, I cannot now venture upon the effort at all. No doubt the enumeration which will take place next year will be all that I can desire, and it is to be hoped that such arrangements will be made as will place in my hands all that minute imformation, as to individual localities, which it is so important that I should possess, and such as will enable me to arrive at juster and more accurate conclusions, as to our sanitary position, than any I have hitherto been capable of attaining. I shall therefore content myself this year willi 4 submitting to your attention and thought the customary tables of mortality and sickness, associated with a few simple comments which naturally result from their consideration. MORTALITY. 2. Two thousand six hundred and seventy persons, of whom 1310 were males and 1360 females, died in our parish between January 1st, and December 31st, 1859. As usual, I exclude from this enumeration all strangers dying in hospitals, as well as the children of the Clerkenwell Infant Establisment which has been located in Islington. To this number, however, must be added 141, our estimated proportion of deaths in hospitals, lying-in institutions and lunatic asylums in London, making a total of 2811. The mortality (estimated in the same manner) of 1857 exceeded that of 1856 by 120; and the mortality of 1858 exceeded that of 1857 by 235: the mortality of last year, however, only exceeded that of 1858 by 20. As it can scarcely be imagined that the population has only increased in a similar ratio, we must, I think, consider that the death-rate of 1859 is to be viewed in a favourable light. 3. The Births registered (and a varying number always escape registration) amounted to 4997, viz.:—2595 males and 2402 females, as represented in the following table:— West Sub-District. East Sub-District Whole Parish. Males. Females Total, Males. Females Total. Males. Females Total. 1st Quarter 352 329 681 347 296 643 699 625 1324 2nd Quarter 330 292 622 298 256 554 628 548 1176 3rd Quarter 333 314 647 306 277 583 639 591 1230 4th Quarter 324 338 662 305 300 605 629 638 1267 Total 1339 1273 2612 1256 1129 2385 2595 2402 4997 4. The corrected proportion of Deaths for each Sub-district will be for the West 1465 and for the East 1346. In the West Sub-district then the deaths were 64 in excess of 1858; and in the East they were absolutely 44 less. The mortality of the East Sub-district in 1858 was however very high compared with that of the other half of the parish The following table shows the corrected mortality of the four last Years, with the differences in excess or the contrary. West Sub-District. East Sub-District. Whole Parish. Years. Deaths. Difference from previous year. Deaths. Difference from previous years. Deaths. Differencefrom previous years. 1856 1276 1161 2436 1857 1371 + 30 1185 + 24 2556 + 120 1858 1401 + 96 1390 + 215 2791 + 235 1859 1465 + 46 1346 - 44 2811 + 20 5 5. The deaths that occurred each week and quarter appear on Table II. In all but the summer quarter the mortality was less than in the corresponding quarter of last year. The high mortality of the summer was mainly attributable to the influence of the excessively high temperature of July. (See Monthly Report No. XXVIII.) 6. Of the 2670 persons, of whose death I possess the record, 1215 or 41.7 per cent. were under five years of age, a proportion less than in any previous year. The infant deaths in the three previous years respectively amounted to 1066, 1108 and 1238. It follows that in 1859 these deaths were less than in 1858 by 23. The deaths under one year were in 1856, 612; in 1857, 642; in 1858, 648; and in 1859, 665. CAUSES OF DEATH. a. Zymotic Diseases. 7. Of the 2670 deaths recorded in Table I., 746, viz. 404 in the West Sub-district and 342 in the east, arose from diseases included in the zymotic class. Of these, 519 occurred in children under 5 years of age, 200 of whom where under one year. The zymotic mortality then among children was only one more than last year, and for all ages corresponded to 27.9 per cent. of all the deaths in the Parish, or in the West subdistrict to 28.9 per cent. and in the East to 26.8 per cent. The greatest zymotic mortality occurred in the summer quarter, and amounted to a total of 253, the highest number of either of the three preceding years being 196. The mean temperature of the quarter was 3.3 degrees above the average, and that of the second week of July was 9.3 above the mean cf 43 years. The highest weekly zymotic mortality, viz.: 32, (mainly the result of diarrhœa) occurred in the third week of July. In the fourth quarter again the zymotic mortality was very high, viz. 202; but this was the effect of an epidemic of scarlet fever. I will now refer to the progress of the most important of these diseases during the year, taking them in the order of greatest mortality. 8. Scarlet Fever. It will be recollected that in 1858 this disease began to present an epidemic character towards the beginning of the summer, and after destroying 103 persons, suddenly subsided in the month of December. In the course of 1859, however, it destroyed in Islington 216 persons (128 in the West and 88 in the East sub-district) of whom 138 were under 5 years of age. The increase of the disease was gradual through the year, during the first thirteen weeks it carried off 28 persons, during the second 33, during the third 55, and during the fourth 101, the mortality amounting in the last quarter to as many as 9, 10 and 12 weekly. It did its worst in the month of November. Of all parts of the parish none suffered from it so fearfully as Sidney Grove in St. Peter's Ward. In this place 7 deaths occurred from scarlet fever out of a population of only about 224 persons, or one out of every 32 individuals. The total mortality of this place, from all causes, for the year was 13, which is equal to one out of every 17 individuals or at the rate of 58 in the 1000 inhabitants. The cause of all this is most apparent in the construction of most of the houses, the staircases of which are so arranged as to bid defiance to any circulation of air, while the back rooms, which are used as sleeping rooms, have neither window nor fire place, and only communicate by small folding doors with the front rooms: each floor being occupied by a single family, no effectual separation of the sick from the healthy is possible, but on the admission of a case of infectious disease all are compelled to breathe the same poisonous atmosphere, which no effort on the part of the inhabitants can avail to purify or dilute. 6 9. Diarrhœa occasioned only 120 deaths, 108 under 5 years of age: this is only8 above the un-corrected average of the last three years. The greatest weekly number of deaths, viz.—20 and 18 took place in the third and fourth weeks of July. 10. Hooping Cough destroyed 102 children, the East district (as was the case in each of the two preceding years,) suffering more than the West. The uncorrected mean of the three previous years was 114. 11. Fever. The deaths attributed to Continued and Infantile Fever together amounted to 78. In the three preceding years the mortality was 86, 95 and 70. 12. Measles was less fatal than in any of the three years during which I have recorded its progress. It only occasioned 63 deaths, 36 in the East and 27 in the West Subdistrict. Eight of the deaths in the East Sub-district occurred in Bowman's Place North. The total mortality in this place, from all causes, was 18 out of a population which may be estimated at about 248 Measles then in the course of a few weeks of the summer quarter carried off one out of each 31 of the inhabitants, and in the whole year from one cause or another (13 from disease of the zymotic class) one out of every 14 persons died, or at the rate of 72 in the 1000 ! In Milton's Yard again, a place which I have repeatedly bad occasion to complain of to the Sanitary Committee, there were 5 deaths from measles in a population of 101 persons, and where the mean nightly population of each room exceeds three persons. Here then Measles, at a time too be it recollected when the disease was presenting less than its usual virulence, destroyed one out of each 34 persons. In this wretched place there were 8 deaths during the year, all of children under 5 years oj age, and six of them from zymotic diseases representing a mortality from all causes of about one out of every thirteen persons, or at the rate of nearly 80 per 1(00! a rate which equalled the mortality of London in the 17th century. In what respect 1 would ask did the determining causes differ in the two instances ? I may add, by way of affording the means of contrast, that the general mortality of London in 1859 was 22 per 1C00. 13. Diphtheria (as a primary disease) is said to have occasioned 45 deaths, or if we add 6 deaths from other forms of sore throat, we have a mortality of 51 against 59 last year. The greatest number occurred in the first and third quarters, and they were pretty equally distributed between the two Sub-districts. Two deaths from this disease occurring in ahor.se in Adelaide Square, gave occasion to a special enquiry into the sanitary condition of that square, especially in regard to the over-crowding of the houses. In the whole year I find that 12 persons died there from various diseases out of a population of 220, seven of whom were children under 5 years of age. This represents a mortality of one out of every 18 inhabitants, or at the rate of 54 per 1000. 14. Small Pox. Since the termination of the year to which this report has reference, small-pox has been spreading so extensively in our parish as well as in other parts of the metropolis, that it is desirable that we should clearly ascertain our position with regard to it. In 1856 the deaths from small-pox in Islington were 8,'in 1857 they were 12. in 1858 they were 18, in 1359 they rose to 23, including 2 deaths from chicken-pox, tabulated with those of small-pox. These numbers then exhibit a pretty steady annual increase. During 1859 the mortality moreover steadily increased from quarter to quarter. Of the 23 true fatal cases, 1 only occurred in the first quarter, 3 took place in the second, 8 in the third, and 11 in the fourth, while 14 deaths were registered during the first two months of the present year. The same sort of progression obtained in London generally. In 1857 and 1858 the numbers registered were 154 and247 respectively, and in the several quarters 7 of 1859 they were 201, 233, 287 and 435, making a total for the year of 1156 deaths. And yet of all forms in which death may approach a man, it is this which may be guarded against the most readily, the most certainly, and the most conveniently. It is not my intention to discuss the question lately mooted as to whether vaccine lymph as now procured after years of transmission through the system of innumerable human beings has or has not lost its pristine protective power. My own observation and experience have satisfied me that vaccination well performed and in a sufficient number of places, is quite as effectual in protecting against fatal small-pox now as it was when my first acquaintance with both was made, and this too is the verdict of others whose period of observation dates back much further than my own. I believe the true explanation of the present spread of small-pox to lie not in the inefficacy of vaccination as a protection, but in the negligence of parents who fail to submit their children to the process, in the slovenly manner in which the operation is sometimes performed, and in the carelessness which leads people to be satisfied with the mere puncturing of the arm without affording the medical practitioner the opportunity of pronouncing upon its success or the contrary. Partly too there can be little question that the present spread of the disease is to be attributed to the neglect of re-vaccination when the period of childhood and early youth has been passed.* Prom these various causes, it arises that there is a large mass of persons in the community, both of adults and children, who lie very much at the mercy of the epidemic poison whenever it wanders forth to destroy. Probably the greater number of the unvaccinated are to be met with among the poorer classes, and it is to be recollected that the conditions under which they live and herd together many families in a house are precisely such as to facilitate the communication of the disease. Is it possible to estimate the number of persons thus unprotected or imperfectly protected in Islington? Approximatively, within certain limits as to age, I think it is. Shortly before writing this report, I made, at the request of the Board of Trustees, and assisted by their Medical Officers, a careful examination of the children attending the several poor and charitable schools in the parish. The following is very briefly the result. The total number on the books was 8685, of whom I succeeded in examining the arms of 6500. Of these, 655 presented no mark or scar on either arm, and may therefore be pronounced to be unvaccinated, and 183 presented one or two so faint and imperfect that the vaccination they had undergone could only be regarded as of very doubtful protective power, and in respect of whom I felt that I ought to advise re-vaccination. The whole of these 838 children were open to attack of small-pox of greater or less severity. There cannot I think be less than 48000 children in Islington under 15 years of age, that is of the ages usually met with in charitable schools; but if we make an allowance of 8000 for the children of the more wealthy whose vaccination has probably been carefully attended to, and if in respect of the remainder we assume that the proportion of unprotected is the same as in the 6500 examined, we arrive at the number of about 4030 either born in the parish or brought in to it from other places who have never been successfully vaccinated at all, and of about 850 who are only vaccinated imperfectly. Probably the latter estimate is much too low, as where the children in the schools were very young I did not consider it desirable to recommend revaccination so long as even an indifferent vaccination scar was visible on the arm. It would be a salutary regulation in charitable schools that no child should be admitted unless its satisfactory vaccination shall have been previously certified by a competent medical gentleman—a suggestion which I submit for the consideration of the committees of these institutions. *This remark applies principally to the spread of tho disease in an epidemic season, when adult porsons vaccinated in infancy and who might bo sufficiently protected for ordinary non-epidemic seasons, are more endangered than persons who have recently undergone the vaccine disease. For furthur imformation on this subject, see Mr. Simon's Report on Vaccination (published by the general Board of Health) p. 29, etc. 8 b. Tubercular Diseases. 15. The deaths from this class of maladies were 463; from pulmonary consumption, which is the chief member of the class, they were 338. This is an increase upon former years. It remains to be seen hereafter whether it is such as it might be expected from the increase of our population at the ages which tubercular maladies principally affect. c. Diseases of the Organs of Respiration. 16. There can be no question about the low fatility of these diseases during 1859. The deaths only amounted to 375. In former years they reached 392, 422, and 494, There were 196 in the West Sub-district and 179 in the East. Of the whole number 153 occurred in early childhood, the numbers in former years being 183, 210, and 261. SICKNESS. 17. The tables of Sickness (Tables IV and V.) appended to this report must be regarded as supplementary only, inasmuch as while the mortality tables represent all the deaths that occur in the parish, the tables of Sickness only exhibit a portion of the illnesses that require medical aid, that portion which seeks relief in public institutions. I must add with respect to the Small-Pox Hospital, that the comparison of 1170 admissions, with the 358 of the previous year, does not of course represent the proportionately increased prevalence of the disease in London, inasmuch as the Hospital can be but full, as it has been the whole year. Forty-eight cases were received from Islington. The type of continued fever remains the same, viz. abdominal; 48 cases admitted into the London Fever Hospital being of true Typhus, the remaining 172 of Typhoid. SANITARY IMPROVEMENTS DURING THE YEAR. 18. The Table VI. is a summary of the house inspections and improvments carried out under the orders of the Sanitary Committee between the 26th March, 1859 and the 25th March, 1860. But in addition I should mention the removal of a vast number of other nuisances, such as foul accumulations of various kinds, obstructions in panned privies and drains, most of which arise from the neglect of furnishing them with a proper water supply. In Smith's Buildings, Jennings patent water supply apparatus has been set up for domestic purposes. It remains to be seen how far this is applicable to houses of that class. TRADE NUISANCES. 19. Among trade nuisances I should record the complete abolition of a Piggery in the rear of Francis place, Holloway, and of the trade of fat melting carried on in a house in Nowell's Buildings, both of which had been the cause of frequent and loud complaints from the neighbours. In several instances where overcrowding of dwelling houses occupied by more than one family was discovered, the fault was remedied on the receipt of a letter from the Office. The only instances where it was found necessary to take proceedings before the magistrate, were the cases in Brand Street, Holloway, Payne Street and Adelaide Square. 9 20. At the annual licencing in October, there were 103 applications for Slaughter houses. These places were all visited by the Inspectors, and such as it was necessary I should see, by myself. Their cleanliness and other arrangements being satisfactory, only one application was refused on the ground of non-compliance with the requirements of the act of Parliament and the demands of the Justices. I have the honour to be, Gentlemen, Your very obedient Servant, EDWARD BALLARD, M.D., M.R.C.P. Vestry Offices, Medical Officer of Health. April 30th, 1860. TABLE I. DEATHS WHICH HAVE OCCURRED IN ISLINGTON AND ITS SUB-DISTRICTS DURING THE YEAR 1859. All Ages. AGES Und 1 1- 2- 3- 4- Und 5 5- 10- 15- 25- 35- 45- 55- 65- 75- 85- 95 up. West Sub-district. Population, 1851 47881 .. .. .. .. .. 6135 4911 4254 9646 9188 6010 3958 2355 1050 331 41 2 Deaths, all causes 1394 356 128 69 48 39 640 87 25 65 95 93 89 97 110 80 12 1 East Sub-district. Population, 1851 47448 .. .. .. .. .. 6055 5021 4457 9457 8544 5860 4134 2325 1164 379 47 5 Deaths, all causes 1276 305 127 54 53 32 575 6l 23 62 89 81 97 108 103 63 10 4 Whole Parish. Population, 1851 95329 .. .. .. .. .. 12190 9932 8711 19103 17732 11870 8092 4680 2214 710 88 7 Deaths, all causes 2670 665 255 123 101 71 1215 148 48 127 184 174 186 205 213 143 22 6 West s.d. East s.d. Class. 404 342 I. Zymotic 746 200 131 77 67 44 519 97 20 31 29 10 8 10 13 8 1 .. 38 51 II. Dropsy, &c. 109 10 .. 1 1 2 14 1 2 2 5 12 20 20 19 12 2 .. 226 237 III. Tubercular 463 52 41 16 12 11 132 19 12 63 100 76 41 17 3 .. .. .. 174 139 IV. Brain and Nerves. 313 87 25 11 7 3 133 9 3 5 14 16 29 46 31 23 4 .. 45 62 V. Heart, &c. 107 1 .. .. .. 1 2 3 4 5 7 11 19 21 27 8 .. .. 196 179 VI. Lungs, &c. 375 90 41 8 7 7 153 9 1 5 7 21 26 56 63 32 2 .. 60 61 VII. Digestive Organs. 121 20 5 1 4 1 31 2 1 4 8 12 18 19 15 11 .. .. 24 12 VIII. Kidney, &c. 36 .. .. .. 1 1 2 1 1 2 .. 2 8 5 12 2 1 .. 11 9 IX. Childbirth, &c. 20 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 6 3 4 .. .. .. .. 5 9 X. Joints, Hones, &c. 14 .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. 2 2 1 1 2 4 .. .. .. 1 1 XI. Skm, &c. 2 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 7 7 XII. Malformations 14 12 .. .. l .. 13 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 29 81 XIII. Prein. Birth 60 60 .. .. .. .. 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 9 and Debility. 21 21 .. .. .. .. 21 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 41 36 XIV. Atrophy 77 65 8 4 .. .. 77 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 48 38 XV. Old Age 86 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 21 47 12 5 .. .. XVI. Sudden .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 50 45 XVII. Violent Death. 95 39 4 5 1 1 50 5 4 7 5 7 11 3 3 .. .. .. 3 8 XVIII. Not Specified. 11 7 .. .. .. .. 7 .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 1 .. .. .. 17 8 I. Small Pox 25 7 3 3 1 1 15 2 1 3 3 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 27 36 Measles 63 11 23 7 10 6 57 4 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 128 88 Scarlatina 216 16 28 38 35 21 138 59 8 5 5 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 48 54 Hooping Cough . 102 40 31 12 5 8 96 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 10 Croup 20 .. 10 4 4 2 20 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 5 Thrush 10 9 .. .. .. 9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 63 57 Diarrhoea 120 88 19 1 .. .. 108 1 .. .. .. .. 1 2 6 2 .. .. 4 3 Dysentery 7 1 3 .. .. .. 4 .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. 1 .. 4 4 Cholera 8 5 .. *• •* 6 •* .. 1 .. Influenza 1 •• .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 Scurvy and Purpura 4 2 1 .. .. .. 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Ague 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 3 3 Tonsillit. & Sore Tht. 6 2 .. .. 1 3 .. 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. 4 4 Infantile Fever 8 .. 1 3 3 .. 7 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 30 Typhus Fever 70 2 2 .. 4 3 11 15 3 16 6 5 6 2 3 3 .. .. 4 5 Puerperal Fever 9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .6 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 5 Rheumatic Fever 10 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 3 3 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 4 Erysipelas 12 4 1 .. .. .. 5 1 .. 1 .. .. 1 2 2 .. .. .. 7 1 Syphilis 8 8 .. .. .. .. 8 .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. 1 Noma (Canker) 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 23 22 Diphtheria 45 4 9 8 3 3 27 8 3 .. 5 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. 7 4 II. Hæmorrhage 11 2 .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 .. .. 13 15 Dropsy 28 4 .. 1 .. .. 7 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 4 5 .. .. 3 2 Abscess 5 1 .. .. 1 .. 2 .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 2 1 Ulcer 3 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Fistula .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 3 Mortification 6 2 .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 .. 29 23 Cancer 52 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 9 14 13 11 2 1 .. 1 3 Gout 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 .. .. .. .. 7 4 III. Scrofula 11 2 2 .. .. .. 4 .. 2 1 1 1 1 1 .. .. .. .. 17 17 Tabes Mesenterica 34 14 12 2 1 1 30 3 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 167 171 Phthisis (Consumpn. 338 12 6 5 3 3 29 7 8 61 99 75 40 16 3 .. .. .. 35 45 Hydrocephalus 80 24 21 9 8 7 69 9 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 12 IV. Cephalitis 40 8 5 4 3 3 23 6 1 2 3 .. 1 1 2 1 .. .. 20 34 Apoplexy 54 2 1 .. 1 .. 4 .. 1 1 2 3 8 20 7 8 .. .. 34 19 Palsy (Paralysis) 53 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 4 9 14 12 10 3 .. 4 3 Delirium Tremens 7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 2 .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. Chorea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 5 F.pilepsy 10 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 2 2 .. 3 2 .. .. .. 2 1 Tetanus 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. 2 1 Insanity 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 58 40 Convulsions 98 73 17 6 2 .. 98 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 21 24 Disease of Brain, &c 45 4 2 1 1 .. 8 2 1 1 3 5 7 7 6 4 1 .. TABLE I. DISTINGUISHING THE AGES AND CAUSES OF DEATH (Deaths of Str.raSers in Hospitals excluded). West s.d. East. s.d. Causes of Death. All Ages. Und 1 AGES. 1- 2- 3- 4- Und 5 5- 10- 15- 25- 35- 45- 55- 65- 75- 85- 95 Up. 2 3 V.Pericarditis 5 .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 .. .. .. 2 .. 1 .. .. .. .. 1 3 Aneurism 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. 2 .. .. .. 42 56 Disease of Heart, &c. 98 1 .. .. .. .. 1 2 4 5 7 9 17 20 25 8 .. .. 6 11 VI. Laryngitis 17 9 1 .. 1 1 12 1 .. .. .. .. 4 .. .. .. .. .. 125 102 Bronchitis 227 51 24 2 .. 1 78 4 .. 3 4 14 16 37 47 23 1 .. 8 3 Pleurisy 11 1 1 .. 1 .. 3 .. .. .. .. 1 2 3 2 .. .. .. 41 55 Pneumonia 96 29 15 6 5 5 60 4 1 2 3 5 4 8 2 7 .. .. 15 7 Asthma 22 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 11 2 1 .. 1 1 Disease of Lungs 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. 8 4 VII. Teething 12 8 3 .. .. .. 12 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Qunisey .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 Gastritis 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 2 1 1 .. .. .. 5 4 Enteritis 9 5 .. .. 1 .. 6 .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 3 4 Peritonits 7 .. 1 .. 1 .. 2 1 1 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. 3 7 Ascitis 10 1 .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. 2 2 1 3 .. .. .. 1 3 Ulceration of Intcst. 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 3 .. .. .. .. 1 3 Hernia (Rupture) 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 1 .. .. 3 4 Ileus 7 .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 1 2 1 .. .. 2 .. Intussusception 2 1 .. .. 1 .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stricture of Intestinal .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 4 Dis. of Stomach, &c. 14 2 .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. 3 3 1 3 2 .. .. .. .. Disease of Pancreas . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 5 Inflammation ot Liver (Hepatitis) 10 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 .. 2 3 1 1 .. .. 2 5 Jaundice 7 2 .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. ??? 1 1 .. .. 3 .. .. 14 16 Disease of Liver 30 1 .. .. 1 1 3 .. .. 1 3 5 5 7 3 3 .. .. .. .. Disease of Spleen .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 VIII. Nephritis 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. 12 4 Nephria(Bright'sDis) 16 .. .. .. 1 1 2 1 .. 2 .. .. 4 l 5 1 .. .. .. .. Ischuria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 3 Diabetes 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 .. .. .. .. 2 .. Stone 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. Cystitis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Stricture of Urethra 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 7 4 Disease of Bladder &c 11 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 1 2 4 1 1 .. .. .. IX. Paramenia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 3 Ovarian Dropsy 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 2 1 .. .. .. .. 4 3 Cliildbirth(seaMetria) 7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 3 Dis. of Uterus, &c. 7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 1 3 .. .. .. .. 4 3 X. Rheumatism 7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 2 3 .. .. .. .. .. Arthritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 6 Dis. of Joints, &c. 7 .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. 2 1 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 1 XI. Carbuncle l .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Phlegmon .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. Disease of Skin, &c l 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 4 XII. Cyanosis 7 5 .. .. 1 .. 6 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Spina Bifida 2 2 .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 1 Other Malformations 5 5 .. .. .. 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. XIII. Intemperance 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Privation of food 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 15 .. Want of Breast Milk 15 15 .. .. .. .. 15 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Neglect .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cold .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. Poison 3 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 5 Burns and Scalds 12 2 1 4 1 .. 8 2 .. 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 4 1 Hanging 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 .. 1 .. .. .. .. b 8 Suffocation 13 8 1 .. .. 1 10 .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 .. .. .. .. 6 7 Drowning 13 1 1 .. .. .. 2 1 2 2 .. .. 5 .. 1 .. .. .. 2 5 Fractures & Contus. 7 .. 1 1 .. .. 2 1 1 1 .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 5 Wounds 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 2 1 1 .. .. .. .. 6 13 Other Violence 19 12 .. .. .. .. 12 1 1 1 1 .. 2 .. 1 .. .. .. TABLE II. DEATHS OCCURRING IN EACH WEEK AND QUARTER, DISTINGUISHING CERTAIN IMPORTANT DISEASES AND AGES. [Deaths of Non-Residents in Hospitals, and of Islington Patients in Hospitals elsewhere, not included.] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Week ending Jan. 8 Jan. 15 Jan. 22 Jan. 29 Feb 5 Feb 12 Feb 19 Feb 26 Mar 5 Mar 12 Mar 19 Mar 25 Apr. 2 1st Quarter. Apr. 9 Apr 16 Apr. 23 Apr. 30 May 7 May 14 May 2l May 28 Jun 4 Jun 11 Jun 18 Jun 25 July 2 2nd Quarter. Total 56 64 56 46 57 39 43 50 49 45 47 43 56 651 37 33 60 43 43 28 54 32 38 46 30 46 43 533 Under 3 years 20 23 19 11 16 20 21 20 15 24 25 14 24 252 13 13 25 10 16 11 14 9 14 21 11 17 15 189 70 years and upwards 6 11 7 6 9 1 3 3 7 5 8 4 3 73 4 4 3 8 7 4 3 6 3 4 4 5 7 62 Zymotic diseases 12 12 18 12 11 13 11 19 11 10 15 12 18 174 8 7 13 9 8 6 12 5 7 11 6 10 12 114 Small Pox .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Measles 1 1 1 .. 1 .. 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 17 .. .. 2 1 .. .. 1 .. l 1 .. .. .. 6 Scarlatina 3 2 5 3 4 .. 2 2 .. 2 1 2 2 28 1 3 4 5 1 1 5 1 .. 6 1 3 2 33 Diphtheria & Sore Throat 1 2 1 3 1 1 .. 2 2 3 2 2 20 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. 2 2 6 Hooping cough 5 6 5 6 3 5 5 b 2 3 8 2 3 59 1 .. 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 2 3 2 22 Diarrhœa 1 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 2 .. 1 .. 1 .. 7 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 .. .. 2 5 10 Cholera .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. l .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Continued Fever 1 .. 2 1 .. 1 .. 1 1 1 1 2 1 12 4 1 2 l 3 2 1 1 l 1 1 .. .. 18 Phthisis 7 11 11 4 8 5 6 6 5 3 5 6 8 85 4 3 10 11 1 5 12 2 6 6 6 12 2 80 Dis. of Respy. Organs . 12 11 10 11 9 10 6 12 11 13 3 4 10 122 8 8 10 7 10 3 4 5 5 7 3 3 4 77 Mean Temperature 35.4° 39.1° 43.3° 43.7° 39.6° 42.4° 45.1° 44.1° 48.4° 45.7° 47.4° 46.1° 42.6° 43.3° 56.3° 42.4° 41.0° 48.2° 48.5° 51.2° 52.6° 56.1° 62.3° 61.7° 59.7° 60.0° 63.5° 54.1° 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 Week ending Ju!v 9 July ,6 July 23 July 30 Aug 6 Au» 13 Aug 20 Aup 27 Sept 3 Sept 10 Sept 17 Sept 24 Oct. 1 3rd Quarter. Oct. 8 Oct. 15 Oct. 22 Oct. 29 Nov 5 Nov 12 Nov 19 Nov 26 Dec 3 Dec 10 Dec 17 Dec 24 Dec 31 4th Quarter. Total 6 7 67 78 60 6l 56 46 49 47 42 45 58 55 731 44 48 45 51 60 53 56 73 55 69 58 75 61 748 Under 3 years 27 31 53 36 22 24 16 16 21 21 10 21 10 325 19 15 9 17 22 23 10 25 21 24 26 31 27 269 70 rears and upwards l 4 4 7 4 9 4 3 5 3 2 6 5 57 3 8 6 4 3 4 8 7 5 12 4 8 12 84 Zymotic diseases 19 21 32 29 18 15 15 10 17 18 21 18 20 253 21 13 10 15 21 19 18 19 l6 22 10 9 9 202 Small pox 1 1 .. 1 .. .. 2 1 .. 1 1 .. .. 8 2 .. .. .. 2 .. 1 3 .. 1 1 1 .. 11 Measles .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 3 6 2 2 2 16 3 2 .. 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 .. .. 1 2! Scarlatina 2 6 7 4 5 3 2 3 4 1 3 6 9 55 5 8 6 9 12 10 8 8 10 11 4 6 4 101 Diphtheria & Sore Throat 1 .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. 1 3 5 1 2 15 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 2 1 3 .. .. 3 10 Hooping cough 1 1 2 2 1 .. 1 1 .. .. 1 .. 1 11 2 .. 1 .. 1 1 2 2 .. .. 1 .. .. 10 Diarrhœa 8 9 20 18 4 9 5 2 9 6 5 4 3 102 3 1 .. .. 1 1 .. 1 1 .. .. 1 1 10 Cholera 2 2 2 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Continued Fever 2 2 1 .. 3 2 4 2 .. .. 1 1 3 21 4 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 .. 2 .. .. .. 17 Phthsis 10 5 4 8 9 5 6 11 6 2 7 5 2 80 4 6 9 9 10 8 4 10 8 3 3 13 3 90 Dis. of Respy. Organs . 8 3 1 2 3 5 1 5 4 2 l 6 8 49 3 4 5 6 4 6 7 10 8 11 16 18 18 116 Mean Temperature 67.4° 71.0° 69.0° 67.0° 63.8° 63.9° 63.9° 66.6° 57.5° 58.0° 53.8° 56.5° 58.7° 62.9° 62.1° 55.3° 48.3° 38.6° 47.6° 43.7° 37.6° 41.1° 37.3° 41.3° 28.6° 33.0° 4.53° 43.1° TABLE III. Shewing the Number of Deaths registered in each Ward, distinguishing those from certain important Diseases and Classes of Disease. [Omitting Deaths in the Workhouse and Infant Poor-house, and such Deaths as could not be correctly referred to the Ward in which they occurred.] All Causes. Ward 1. Ward 2 Ward 3. Ward 4. Ward 5. Ward 6. Ward 7. Ward 8. 207 221 293 534 307 210 257 466 Zymotic diseases 75 76 94 167 92 57 54 116 Tubercular diseases 30 30 50 87 46 43 48 89 Deaths under 5 yrs. 89 109 132 285 136 81 108 217 Phthisis 19 19 36 58 37 35 28 74 Dis. of Org. of Res. 15 29 35 70 37 28 45 75 Small pox 10 3 0 3 1 0 3 5 Measles 17 3 6 11 9 1 6 4 Scarlatina 19 31 30 57 23 17 8 31 Diphtheria 3 1 4 13 6 4 2 9 Hooping Cough . 3 7 14 17 16 11 10 23 Diarrhœa & Cholera 9 16 18 30 17 13 13 22 Fever 7 5 12 13 11 8 7 7 TABLE IV. New Cases of Disease coming untler Treatment during the Weekending Saturday the 31st day of December, 1859, at the following Institutions:— Workhouse. Infant Poor House. Out Patient Paupers. Hollo way Dispensary. Peritonville Convict Prison. Total. London Fever Hospital. Small Pox Hospital. Small pox 4 .. 54 13 .. 71 13 1170* Chicken pox .. .. 69 15 .. 84 2 1 Measles .. 2 236 140 .. 378 6 4 Scarlatina .. 1 310 161 .. 472 166 2 Hooping Cough 2 .. 206 64 .. 272 .. .. Croup .. .. 7 3 .. 10 .. .. Diarrhœa 47 .. 982 363 82 1474 3 .. Dyaentry 2 .. 23 10 .. 35 .. .. Cholera .. .. 7 4 .. 11 .. .. Ague 1 .. 15 10 1 27 11 .. Continued Fever 4 .. 121 86 .. 211 220+ 1 Puerperal Fever .. .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. Rhematic Fever 17 .. 64 20 .. 101 6 .. Erysiplease 5 .. 86 18 1 110 2 .. Diphtheria .. .. 11 7 .. 18 .. .. Sorethroat or Tonsillitis .. .. 227 157 5 389 6 .. Pyæmia .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. Bronchitis and Catarrh 148 .. 1887 572 307 2914 10 .. Pneumonia 1 .. 39 11 .. 51 18 .. Pleurisy 2 .. 42 6 .. 50 7 .. Delirium Tremens 1 .. 12 .. .. 13 .. .. Insanity 22 .. 33 1 1 57 .. .. carbuncle 1 .. 15 2 1 19 2 .. All other Diseases 470 110 6636 3557 528 11301 108 7 Total 727 113 11082 5221 926 18069 582 1185 *Forty-eight of these from Islington. +Forty-eight were cases of Typhus and 172 Typhoid. TABLE V. COMPARATIVE TABLE OF SICKNESS AMONG PAUPER PATIENTS DURING 1857, 1858, 1859. Total. Per cent. of all Cases. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1857. 1858. 1859. New cases 9432 10591 11923 Small pox 23 37 58 0.24 0.34 0.48 Chicken Pox 35 45 72 0.37 0.42 0.6 Measles 138 348 238 1.46 3.28 1.99 Scarlatina 61 154 311 0.64 1.45 2.6 Hooping Cough 189 247 208 2.0 2.33 1.74 Croup 5 8 8 .. .. .. Thrush 10 39 39 .. .. .. Diarrhœa 1078 648 1026 11.4 6.1 8.6 Dysentery 6 18 25 .. .. .. Cholera 2 3 7 .. .. .. Mumps not specially enu merated. 25 .. .. .. Purpura, Scurvy 2 3 5 .. .. .. Ague 9 26 16 .. .. .. Diphtheria not specially enumerated. 11 .. .. 1.99 Sore thorat 227 .. .. .. Typhus and infantile fever 145 87 124 1.5 0.8 1.04 Metria 0 1 0 .. .. .. Rheumatic Fever 99 55 80 1.49 0.51 0.67 Erysipleas 54 88 92 0.57 0.83 0.77 Syphilis 70 55 49 0.74 0.51 0.41 Noma 5 4 6 .. .. .. Total of Zymotic Diseases 1933* 1866* 2627 20.49* 17.6* 22.0 Diseases of Respiratory Organs 1997 2353 2119 21.17 22.2 17.7 Phthisis 103 120 133 1.09 1.13 1.11 Carbuncles and Boils 44 67 49 0.46 0.63 0.41 Chronic and Local Rheumatism 299 375 517 3.17 3.54 4.83 Other Diseases 4668 5368 6013 49.49 50.6 50.4 Accidents and Injuries 388 442 465 4.11 4.17 3.9 *Exclusive of Mumps, Diphtheria, and Sorethroat. TABLE VI. HOUSES INSPECTED AND SANITARY IMPROVEMENTS EFFECTED, From March 26th, 1859, to March 25th, 1860. West SubDistrict. East SubDistrict. Whole Parish. Number of houses Inspected 572 429 1001 Drains Constructed 66 54 120 Improved or repaired 148 88 236 Traps fixed 366 156 522 Cesspools Abolished 81 68 149 Cleansed or disinfected 1 .. 1 Privies and Water Closets Pan, trap, and water supply furnished 81 55 136 Pan and trap only furnished 8 15 23 Water supply furnished 50 35 85 Dust-Bins Constructed 62 83 145 Repaired and covers adapted 62 92 154 Surface Drains and Pavements of Yards Constructed 248 58 306 Relaid 264 42 306 General Water Supply New receptable provided 70 22 92 Receptacle repaired and cleansed 17 9 26 Water supply provided .. 1 1 Other Improvements Houses generally repaired 46 15 61 ,, cleansed or limewashed 60 49 109 „ ventilated 5 24 29